Chapter Eight: Using Health Services

Question 1

Individual diffs of recognizing symptoms:

Answer 1

Hypochondriacs believe that normal boldly symptoms are indicators of illness
Neurotic ppl exaggerate their symptoms or are more attentive to real symptoms.

Question 2

Attentional diffs of recognizing symptoms:

Answer 2

Ppl who are focused on themselves are quicker to notice symptoms
Ppl with more distractions & who attend less to themselves experience fewer symptoms

Question 3

Situational factors with recognizing symptoms

Answer 3

Being situations make ppl more attentive to symptoms
Medical students’ disease: students believe they are ill with the same illness abt which they are currently studying

Question 4

Stress-related __________ changes are interpreted as symptoms of ________

Answer 4

physiological, illness

Question 5

________ affects perception abt symptoms & perceived vulnerability to illness

Answer 5

Mood

Question 6

If one has prior experience with healthcare they would believe that command disorders are ________ serious than rare disorders.

Answer 6

less

Question 7

Unexpected symptoms are _______, and expected symptoms are _________.

Answer 7

ignored, amplified

Question 8

Treatment if sought only when the symptom:

Answer 8

Affects a highly valued organ
Limits mobility

Question 9

Def: CommonSense Beliefs

Answer 9

held by ppl abt their symptoms & illnesses.
Result in organized illness representatives

Question 10

CommonSense Model of Illness includes:

Answer 10

CommonSense beliefs
Basic info abt an illness
Name of illness and the factors believed to have led to the illness
Consequences
Symptoms, treatments, and their implications for quality of life
Timeline (Health Psych)
Control or cure
Coherence

Question 11

Def: Timeline (Health Psych)

Answer 11

Length of time the illness is expected to last

Question 12

Def: Control or cure

Answer 12

Whether the person believes the illness can be managed or cured

Question 13

Def: Coherence

Answer 13

How well these beliefs represent the disorder

Question 14

Acute illness (according to the Common Sense Model of Illness)

Answer 14

Believed to be caused by viral or bacterial agents
Short in duration with long term consequences

Question 15

Chronic illness (according to the Common Sense Model of Illness)

Answer 15

Believed to be caused by multiplicators
Long in duration with severe consequences

Question 16

Cyclic illness (according to the Common Sense Model of Illness)

Answer 16

Alternative periods of either no symptoms or many symptoms

Question 17

Def: lay referral network

Answer 17

family & friends who offer their own interpretations of symptoms before any treatment is sought.

Question 18

Advice is offered regarding…

Answer 18

What the symptom means
Advisability of seeking medical treatment
Various home remedies

Question 19

_____ of the internet users have used Google to find health info.

Answer 19

⅔

Question 20

Many physicians depend on the ______ for the most up-to-date info on illnesses & treatments.

Answer 20

internet

Question 21

Who is more likely to use Health Services?

Answer 21

Infants and the elderly
Women use it more than men
Men are expected to ignore pain & not give in to illness

Question 22

Why do women use Health services more than men?

Answer 22

Pregnancy & childbirth
Have better homeostatic mechanisms
Women’s medical care is more fragmented

Question 23

_______ social classes use Health services less than _______ social classes

Answer 23

Lower, affluent

Question 24

Social psychological factors of seeking for health Services

Answer 24

Individual’s attitudes & beliefs toward health services & symptoms
Kids learn how to use health services from their parents

Question 25

Nonmedical complaints on HS’s stem from ________ & depression

Answer 25

anxiety

Question 26

Ppl use health services for psychological complaints bc:

Answer 26

They are accompanied by physical symptoms Medical disorders are perceived to be more legitimate than psychological ones

Question 27

HS leads to __________ gains

Answer 27

secondary

Question 28

Def: secondary gains

Answer 28

benefits gained from being ill

Question 29

HS needs to __________ their absence in order to _______ wages at work

Answer 29

document, collect

Question 30

Def: delaying behavior

Answer 30

putting off seeking treatment for one or more potentially serious symptoms

Question 31

Stages of Delaying Seeking Treatment for Symptoms:

Answer 31

Appraisal Delay Illness Delay Behavioral Delay Medical Delay

Question 32

Def: Appraisal Delay

Answer 32

Time taken to decide that a symptom is serious

Question 33

Def: Illness Delay

Answer 33

Time between the recognition that a symptom implies an illness & the decision to seek treatment

Question 34

Def: Behavioral Delay

Answer 34

Time between deciding to seek treatment & actually doing so

Question 35

Def: Medical Delay

Answer 35

Time that elapses between the person’s calling for an appt & their receiving appropriate medical care

Question 36

Causes of Delay:

Answer 36

Common among the population: No regular contact with a physician Who are phobic abt medical services

Question 37

Symptoms that delay seeking treatment

Answer 37

Those similar to a previous one that turned out to be minor Those that don’t hurt or change quickly Those that can be easily accommodated

Question 38

Symptoms that are __________ of a disorder are _______ likely to be treated

Answer 38

typical, more

Question 39

Delay in taking recommended treatments:

Answer 39

Patients no longer feel any urgency abt their condition Patients become alarmed by the symptoms and avoid thinking abt them altogether

Question 40

______ in the part of the healthcare practitioner is another issue.

Answer 40

Delay

Question 41

Medical delay is likely when a patient _________ from the profile of the average person with a given disease.

Answer 41

deviates