Chapter Eight: Using Health Services Flashcards
Individual diffs of recognizing symptoms:
Hypochondriacs believe that normal boldly symptoms are indicators of illness
Neurotic ppl exaggerate their symptoms or are more attentive to real symptoms.
Attentional diffs of recognizing symptoms:
Ppl who are focused on themselves are quicker to notice symptoms
Ppl with more distractions & who attend less to themselves experience fewer symptoms
Situational factors with recognizing symptoms
Being situations make ppl more attentive to symptoms
Medical students’ disease: students believe they are ill with the same illness abt which they are currently studying
Stress-related __________ changes are interpreted as symptoms of ________
physiological, illness
________ affects perception abt symptoms & perceived vulnerability to illness
Mood
If one has prior experience with healthcare they would believe that command disorders are ________ serious than rare disorders.
less
Unexpected symptoms are _______, and expected symptoms are _________.
ignored, amplified
Treatment if sought only when the symptom:
Affects a highly valued organ
Limits mobility
Def: CommonSense Beliefs
held by ppl abt their symptoms & illnesses.
Result in organized illness representatives
CommonSense Model of Illness includes:
CommonSense beliefs
Basic info abt an illness
Name of illness and the factors believed to have led to the illness
Consequences
Symptoms, treatments, and their implications for quality of life
Timeline (Health Psych)
Control or cure
Coherence
Def: Timeline (Health Psych)
Length of time the illness is expected to last
Def: Control or cure
Whether the person believes the illness can be managed or cured
Def: Coherence
How well these beliefs represent the disorder
Acute illness (according to the Common Sense Model of Illness)
Believed to be caused by viral or bacterial agents
Short in duration with long term consequences
Chronic illness (according to the Common Sense Model of Illness)
Believed to be caused by multiplicators
Long in duration with severe consequences
Cyclic illness (according to the Common Sense Model of Illness)
Alternative periods of either no symptoms or many symptoms
Def: lay referral network
family & friends who offer their own interpretations of symptoms before any treatment is sought.
Advice is offered regarding…
What the symptom means
Advisability of seeking medical treatment
Various home remedies
_____ of the internet users have used Google to find health info.
⅔
Many physicians depend on the ______ for the most up-to-date info on illnesses & treatments.
internet
Who is more likely to use Health Services?
Infants and the elderly
Women use it more than men
Men are expected to ignore pain & not give in to illness
Why do women use Health services more than men?
Pregnancy & childbirth
Have better homeostatic mechanisms
Women’s medical care is more fragmented
_______ social classes use Health services less than _______ social classes
Lower, affluent
Social psychological factors of seeking for health Services
Individual’s attitudes & beliefs toward health services & symptoms
Kids learn how to use health services from their parents
Nonmedical complaints on HS’s stem from ________ & depression
anxiety
Ppl use health services for psychological complaints bc:
They are accompanied by physical symptoms
Medical disorders are perceived to be more legitimate than psychological ones
HS leads to __________ gains
secondary
Def: secondary gains
benefits gained from being ill
HS needs to __________ their absence in order to _______ wages at work
document, collect
Def: delaying behavior
putting off seeking treatment for one or more potentially serious symptoms
Stages of Delaying Seeking Treatment for Symptoms:
Appraisal Delay
Illness Delay
Behavioral Delay
Medical Delay
Def: Appraisal Delay
Time taken to decide that a symptom is serious
Def: Illness Delay
Time between the recognition that a symptom implies an illness & the decision to seek treatment
Def: Behavioral Delay
Time between deciding to seek treatment & actually doing so
Def: Medical Delay
Time that elapses between the person’s calling for an appt & their receiving appropriate medical care
Causes of Delay:
Common among the population:
No regular contact with a physician
Who are phobic abt medical services
Symptoms that delay seeking treatment
Those similar to a previous one that turned out to be minor
Those that don’t hurt or change quickly
Those that can be easily accommodated
Symptoms that are __________ of a disorder are _______ likely to be treated
typical, more
Delay in taking recommended treatments:
Patients no longer feel any urgency abt their condition
Patients become alarmed by the symptoms and avoid thinking abt them altogether
______ in the part of the healthcare practitioner is another issue.
Delay
Medical delay is likely when a patient _________ from the profile of the average person with a given disease.
deviates
