Chapter Two (Culture Section 3) Flashcards
Shared rules or guidelines that prescribe the behavior appropriate in a given situation:
Norms
Established standards of behavior maintained by a society:
Norms
Define how people “ought” to behave under particular circumstances in a particular society:
Norms
Ensure that social life proceeds smoothly, for they give us guidelines for our behavior and reliable expectations for the behavior of others. There is always strong social pressure on people to conform:
Norms
For a norm to become significant, it must be ______ _____ and _____:
Widely shared; understood
What is right or normal of what ought to be:
Prescriptive Norms
What is wrong or abnormal of what ought not to be:
Proscriptive Norms
Generally written down and involve strict rules for punishment of violators:
Formal Norms
Generally understood but are not precisely recorded:
Informal Norms
Norms governing every behavior:
Folkways
Define socially approved/disapproved behavior, but they don’t reflect a sense of moral obligation. Penalties are relatively mild and include ridicule and ostracism:
Folkways
Norms deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society, often because they embody the most cherished principles of a people:
Mores
Each society demands obedience to its ____; violation can lead to severe penalties. Some have been institutionalized into formal norms:
Mores
Formal norms that are enforced by the state. Governmental social control:
Laws
Include formalized and codified rules stipulated by courts of law and coercively enforced by control agents:
Laws
All laws are _____, but not all _____ are laws:
Mores
The use of two languages, treating each language as equally legitimate:
Bilingualism
The effort to revise school and college curricula to give greater emphasis to the contributions and experiences of minorities, women, and non-westerners:
Multiculturalism
The study of African people’s experiences worldwide, rather than solely the European cultural experience, to better understand human behaviors past and present:
Afrocentricity
Collective conceptions of what is/isn’t proper:
Values
Cultural beliefs and practices that help to maintain power, social, economic, and political interest:
Dominant Ideology
Rewards for conformity to norms and penalties for nonconformity:
Sanctions
The polarization of society over controversial cultural elements (abortion, religion, gun control, etc):
Cultural War
