Chapter Two (Culture Section 1)

Question 1

A large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside their area, and participate in a common culture:

Answer 1

Society

Question 2

The largest form of human group:

Answer 2

Society

Question 3

All societies share common practices and beliefs. Some include sports, cooking, funeral ceremonies, medicine, and sexual restrictions. Expressions vary from one society to another:

Answer 3

Cultural Universals

Question 4

The totality of learned socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior:

Answer 4

Culture

Question 5

The physical or technological aspects of our daily lives:

Answer 5

Material Culture

Question 6

Ways of using material objects to customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments, and patterns of communication:

Answer 6

Non-Material Culture

Question 7

The tendency to assume that one’s culture and way of life is superior to all others:

Answer 7

Ethnocentrism

Question 8

View people’s behavior from the perspective of their own culture:

Answer 8

Cultural Relativism

Question 9

Process of introducing a new idea or object to a culture:

Answer 9

Innovation

Question 10

Involves making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality; when something unknown becomes known:

Answer 10

Discovery

Question 10

Two forms of innovation:

Answer 10

Discovery and Invention

Question 11

The combination or new use of existing knowledge to produce something that didn’t exist before:

Answer 11

Invention

Question 12

Refers to the process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society:

Answer 12

Diffusion

Question 13

Systematic destruction of a group’s culture:

Answer 13

Cultural Genocide

Question 14

Emphasizes the way that culture is determined by human biology:

Answer 14

Sociobiology

Question 15

Refers to the period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions:

Answer 15

Cultural Lag

Question 16

Used to describe the situation in which technological advancements or changes in society occur faster than the changes in the rules and norms of the culture that go along with those advancements or changes:

Answer 16

Cultural Lag

Question 17

Cultural information about how the material resources of the environment may be used to satisfy human needs and desires:

Answer 17

Technology

Question 18

The process which involves bringing together conflicting cultural elements into a harmonious and cohesive whole:

Answer 18

Cultural Integration