Chapter One (Definition, Invitation, Terms, and Imagination) Flashcards
The scientific study of social behavior and human groups. It focuses on social relationships; how those relationships influence people’s behavior; and how societies, the total of those relationships, develop and change:
Sociology
It is the study of the interaction of people in groups and of the influence of those groups on human behavior generally and on society’s other institutions and groups:
Sociology
An awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society:
Sociological Imagination
A set of statements that seeks to explain problems, actions, or behavior:
A theory
The loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective:
Anomie
A construct or model for evaluating specific cases:
Ideal Type
The division of an individual’s identity into two or more social realities:
Double Consciousness
Concentrates on large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations:
Macrosociology
The study of small groups, often through experimental means:
Microsociology
Refers to noneconomic goods, such as family background and education:
Cultural Capital
Refers to the collective benefit of networks, which are built reciprocal trust:
Social Capital
Emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability:
Functionalist Perspective
Open, stated, and conscious functions of institutions:
Manifest Functions
Unconscious or unintended functions that may reflect hidden purposes of an institution:
Latent Functions
Assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power of the allocation of resources:
Conflict Perspective
Sees inequity in gender as central to all behavior and organization:
The Feminist View
Generalize about everyday forms of social interaction to explain society as a whole:
The Interactionist Perspective
A particular type of interactionist method in which people are seen as theatrical performers:
Dramaturgical Approach
The use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations:
Applied Sociology
Dedicated to facilitating change by altering social relationships or restructuring social institutions:
Clinical Sociology
The worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas:
Globalization
Appointed as one of the first sociology professors in France, he was responsible for pioneering theoretical work on suicide:
Emile Durkheim
He attempted to understand social behavior by relaying “sociological imagination”:
C. Wright Mills
The early sociologist who cofounded the famous Chicago settlement Hull-House:
Jane Addams
Adapted Charles Darwin’s evolutionary view of “survival of the fittest” by arguing that it is “natural” that some people are rich while others are poor:
Herbert Spencer
An early Black sociologist, active in the struggle for a racially egalitarian society, who was critical of theorists who seemed content with the status quo:
W.E.B. DuBois
In Society in America, originally published in 1837, this English scholar examined religion, politics, child rearing, and immigration in the young nation:
Harriet Martineau
Widely regarded as the founder of the interactionist perspective:
George Herbert Mead
The American sociologist who popularized the dramaturgical approach:
Erving Goffman
Examined the industrial societies of his time and saw the factory as the center of conflict between the exploiters and the exploited:
Karl Marx
The French who coined the term sociology:
Auguste Comte
The American sociologist of the early 1900s who saw smaller groups as the seedbeds of society:
Charles Horton Cooley
The German sociologist and historian who developed the key conceptual tool of the ideal type:
Max Weber
Remember for his insistence that behavior cannot be fully understood in individualistic terms; it must be understood within a larger social context:
Emile Durkheim
Produced a theory that is one of the most frequently cited explanations of deviant behavior. He noted different ways in which people attempt to achieve success in life:
Robert Merton
Told his students that they should employ Verstehen, the German word for “understanding” or “insight,” in their intellectual work:
Max Weber
Argued that society was fundamentally divided between classes in pursuit of their own class interests:
Karl Marx
He dominated American sociology for over four decades with his advocacy of functionalism:
Talcott Parsons
The Columbia University sociologist who emphasized that sociology should strive to bring together the “macro” and “micro” approaches to the study of society:
Robert Merton
The French sociologist who wrote about how capital (cultural and social) sustains individuals and families from one generation to the next:
Pierre Bourdieu
Saw any society as a vast network of connected parts, each of which helps to maintain the system as a whole:
Talcott Parsons
Concentrates on large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations:
Macrosociology
The study of small groups, often through experimental means:
Microsociology
Refers to the body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observations:
Science
An awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society:
Sociological Imagination
This awareness allows us to comprehend the links between our immediate personal social settings and the remote, impersonal social world that surrounds and helps to shape us:
Sociological Imagination
The Sociological Imagination works between ______ ______ and _______ _______:
Personal Troubles; Public Issues
_____ occur within the character of the individual and the range of their immediate relations with others; they have to do with themselves and those limited areas of social life of which they are directly and personally aware:
Troubles
Troubles are a ______ matter:
Private
_____ have to do with matters that surpass these local environments of the individual and the range of their inner life:
Issues
An issue is a ______ matter:
Public
List the 5 parts from Invitation to Sociology:
- Humans
- Curiosity
- Quest for Knowledge
- Uncomfortability
- Nothing is Off Limits
