Chapter Two Flashcards
Ethnography
A qualitative method of studying people or a social setting that uses observation, interaction, and sometimes formal interviewing to document behaviors, customs, experiences, socialites, and so on
Scientific Method
A procedure involving the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses based on systematic observation, measurement, and/or experiments
Theory
System model of how some aspects of the world work
Reverse Causality
A phenomenon that describes the association of two variables differently than you would expect – it seems that A is causing B, when its actually B causing A
Hypothesis
Proposed relationship between two variables
Operationalization
How a concept gets defined and measured in a given study
“White Coat” Effects
A researchers presence affects their subjects behavior or response, therefore disrupting the study
Reflexivity
Analyzing and critically considering our own role in, and effect on, our research
Feminist Methodology
A set of systems or methods that treat women’s experiences as legitimate empirical and theoretical resources, that promote social science for women
Participation Observation
A qualitative method of data collection that is meant to uncover meanings people give their social actions by observing said behavior in practice
Surveys
A quantitative method of research that is an ordered series of questions intended to get information from the respondents
Qualitative
gather and analyze non-numerical data in order to gain an understanding of individuals’ social reality, including understanding their attitudes, beliefs, and motivation
Quantitative
Emphasize objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of data
Deductive
Theory → Hypothesis → Observations → Analysis
Inductive
Observations → Theory
Causality
The notion that a change in one factor results in a corresponding change in another
Correlation
Exists when there appears to be a dependent relationship between two variables
Dependent Variable
Outcome that the researcher is trying to explain (the effect, or thing that is changed)
Independent Variable
Measured factor that is believed to have casual impact on dependent variable (are the cause)
Validity
The extent to which an instrument measures what is is intended to measure
Reliability
How likely it is to obtain the same result using the same measure the next time
Generalizability
Extent to which we can claim that our findings inform us about a group larger than the one we studied
