Chapter Eighteen Flashcards
Collective Action
Action that takes place in groups and diverges from the social norms of the situation
Convergence
states that collective action happens when people with similar ideas and tendencies gather in the same place
Contagion
claims that collective action arises because of people’s tendency to conform to the behavior of others with whom they are in close contact
Emergent Norm
emphasizes the influence of “keynoters” in promoting new behavioral norms, especially in unusual situations for which already established norms are inadequate
Value-Added
establishes six conditions that are required for a movement to coalesce and achieve a successful outcome
Social Movements
Collective behaviour that is purposeful and organized (but not ritualized) and that seeks to challenge or change one or more aspects of society through institutional and extra-institutional means
Premodern Society
characterized by concentric circles of social affiliation, a low degree of division of labour, relatively undeveloped technology, and traditional social norms. The individuals are source of authoritative knowledge
Modern Society
characterized by rationality, bureaucratization, and objectivity as well as individually created by non centric, but overlapping, group affiliations. A rise of science and objectivity
Postmodern Society
characterized by a questioning of the notion of progress and history, the replacement of narrative with pastiche, and multiple, perhaps even conflicting, identities resulting from disjointed affiliations. Ideas about multiculturalism and the blending of different narratives have arisen
Cause of Social Change
Technology/Innovation, new ideas and identities, social change and conflict
Alternative
Social movements that seek the most limited societal change and often target a narrow group of people
Reformative
Social movements that advocate for limited social change across an entire society
Redemptive
Social movements that target specific groups but advocate for more radical change in behaviour
Revolutionary
Social movements that advocate the radical reorganization of society
Classical
Based on a concept of structural weakness in society that results in the psychological disruption of individuals
Resource-Mobilization
Which emphasizes political context and goals but also states that social movements are unlikely to emerge without the necessary resources
Political Process
Focuses on the structure of political opportunities. When political conditions are favourable to a particular challenger, the chances are better for the success of a social movement led by this challenger
Emergence
The first stage occurs when the social problem being addressed is first identified
Coalescence
In the second stage, resources are mobilized around the problems outlined in the first stage.
Routinization
In this stage, the social movement is institutionalized, and a formal structure develops to promote the cause
Social Movement Organizations
Developed to recruit new members and coordinate participation. These groups also help raise money, clarify goals, and structure participation in the movement.
Professional
has a full-time leadership staff dedicated to the movement and a large membership base that plays a minor role in the organization
Participatory
relies on high levels of community-based membership participation to promote social change. It lacks the hierarchical structure of a professional movement organization
