Chapter Eight Flashcards

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1
Q

Essentialist Views

A

Biological sex as the determinant of gender identity and roles

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2
Q

Social Constructionist

A

Gender as a cultural and social construct and culture, experiences, and social interactions have a role in shaping gender

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3
Q

Gender Spectrum

A

Beyond male and female and is inclusive of non-binary, gender-fluid, transgender individuals

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4
Q

Gender Binary

A

the inaccurate concept that gender is categorized into only two distinct forms

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5
Q

Hegemonic Masculinity

A

The condition is which men are dominant and privileged, and this dominance and privilege is invisible

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6
Q

Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI)

A

challenges traditional notions by showing that traits commonly labeled as ‘masculine’ or ‘feminine’ are not biologically determined. Instead, these traits are part of a gendered system of beliefs that society has produced and reinforced over time

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7
Q

Gender Role Creation & Enforcement

A

Channels of Gender Role Socialization: Family, School, Media, Religion

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8
Q

Gender Inequality & Patriarchy

A

A nearly universal system involving the subordination of femininity to masculinity

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9
Q

Feminism

A

A social movement to get people to understand that gender is an organizing principle in society and to address gender-based inequalities that intersect with other forms of social identity

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10
Q

Heteronormativity

A

The idea that heterosexuality is the default or normal sexual orientation from which other sexualities deviate

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11
Q

Rubin – Assumption Challenge

A

Rubin’s sex/gender system challenged the assumption that because women’s subordination occurred everywhere, it must be fulfilling some societal function.

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12
Q

Butler – Gender Performativity

A

Butler’s theory of gender performativity challenges conventional ideas about gender, proposing that it is not a static state of being, but rather an ongoing performance shaped by societal norms and expectations

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13
Q

Parsons - Sex Role Theory

A

Theory that men and women perform tier sex roles as breadwinners and wives/mothers, respectively, because the nuclear family is the ideal arrangement in modern societies, fulfilling the function of reproducing workers

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14
Q

Hill Collins – Matrix of Domination

A

Intersecting domains of oppressions that create a social space of domination, and by extension, a unique position within the space based on someone’s intersectional identity along the multiple dimensions of gender, age, race, class, sexuality, location, and so on

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15
Q

Sex

A

The perceived biological difference that society typically uses to distinguish males from female

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16
Q

Gender

A

A social position: behaviours and a set of attributes that are associated with sex identities

17
Q

Sexuality

A

Desire, sexual preference, and sexual identity and behaviour

18
Q

Transgender

A

Describe people who gender does not correspond to their birth sex

19
Q

Cisgender

A

Describes people whose gender corresponds to their birth sex

20
Q

First Wave

A

Women’s suffrage, property rights and political candidacy (early 20th century)

21
Q

Second Wave

A

Reducing inequalities in sex, family, work, reproductive rights. De facto inequalities and official legal inequalities (1960s - 1980s)

22
Q

Third Wave

A

Seeing women’s lives as intersectional and examining issues related to women’s lives on an international basis (1990s - 2000s)

23
Q

Fourth Wave

A

Combatting sexual harassment, assault and misogyny (2008 - present)

24
Q

Sexism

A

Occurs when a person’s sex or gender is the basis for judgement, discrimination, or other differential treatment against that person

25
Q

Gender Discrimination

A

treating someone unfavourably because of their gender identity or the gendered expectations surrounding their perceived sex. It can affect any gender and often overlaps with sexism

26
Q

Sexual Harassment

A

An illegal form of discrimination revolving around sexuality that can involve everything from inappropriate jokes to sexual “barter” to outright sexual assault

27
Q

Glass Ceiling

A

An invisible limit on women’s ability to climb up the occupational ladder

28
Q

Glass Escalator

A

The accelerate promotion of men to the top of a work organization, especially in feminized jobs