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Sociology Exam > Chapter Seven > Flashcards

Chapter Seven Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Stratification

A

The hierarchical organization of a society into groups with differing levels of power, social prestige, or status and economical resources

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2
Q

Conflict Theory

A

The idea that conflict between competing interests is the basic, animating force of social change, and society in general

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3
Q

Bourgeois

A

The capitalist class

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4
Q

Proletariat

A

The working class

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5
Q

Structural Functionalism

A

A theory in which societies many parts - institutions, norms, traditions and so on - mesh to produce a stable working whole that evolved over time (Talcott Parsons)

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6
Q

Dialectic

A

A two directional relationship, following a pattern in which an original statement or thesis is countered with an antithesis, leading to a conclusion that unites the strengths of the original position and the counterarguments

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7
Q

Progressive Tax

A

A tax rate that increases as taxable income increases

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8
Q

Status Hierarchy System

A

A system of stratification based on social prestige

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9
Q

Socioeconomic Status

A

An individual’s position in a stratified social order

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10
Q

Social Prestige

A

measure of various characteristics of an individual that is more highly valued in society

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11
Q

Intersectionality

A

The idea that our social identities, such as race, gender, class, sexuality, and more, intersect to create unique and complex experiences of privilege and oppression

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12
Q

Standards of Equality

A

In a Canadian context, the standards of equality are equality of opportunity, equality of condition, and equality of outcome

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13
Q

How is Canada stratified today?

A

Wealth inequality and poverty rates
- Gender
- Geographical Location
- Ethnicity

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14
Q

Social Reproduction

A

the process by which existing social inequalities, such as class, race, and gender, are passed from one generation to the next

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15
Q

Social Mobility

A

The movement between different positions within a system of social stratification in any given society

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16
Q

Horizontal Mobility

A

social mobility means a group or individual transitioning from one social status to another situated more or less on the same rung of the ladder

17
Q

Vertical Mobility

A

social mobility refers to the rise or fall of an individual (or group) from one social stratum to another

18
Q

Affirmative Action

A

refers to policies and practices aimed at addressing historical and ongoing discrimination by providing preferential treatment or opportunities to individuals from underrepresented or marginalized groups

19
Q

Meritocracy

A

A society where status and mobility are based on individual attributes, ability, and achievement

20
Q

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A

Private property = main source of inequality

21
Q

Ferguson & Millar

A

Property = motivation for hard work & societal efficiency

22
Q

Thomas Malthus

A

Equal resource distribution = unsustainable population & conflicts

23
Q

Georg W.F. Hegel (dialectic)

A

Introduced master-slave dialectic, and predicted eventual social evolution towards greater equality

24
Q

Karl Marx

A
  • Emphasis on historical materialism
  • Class struggle: key driver of social change
  • Inequality due to exploitation within capitalism
  • Stratification is based solely on class
  • There are only two politically important classes: the bourgeoisie and the proletariat
25
Q

Durkheim

A

Society’s components collaborate for stability, and inequality assigns capable individuals to essential roles

26
Q

Bourdieu

A

Education, family background, and social networks

27
Q

Equality of Opportunity

A

The idea that everyone has an equal chance to achieve wealth, social prestige, and power because the rules of the game , so to speak, are the same for everyone

28
Q

Equality of Condition

A

The idea that everyone should have an equal starting point

29
Q

Equality of Outcome

A

The idea that each player must end up with the same amount regardless of the fairness of the “game”

30
Q

Estate System

A

A politically based system of stratification characterized by limited social mobility

31
Q

Caste System

A

A religion-based system of stratification characterized by no social mobility

32
Q

Class System

A

An economically based hierarchical system characterized by cohesive oppositional groups and somewhat loose social mobility

33
Q

Status Hierarchy System

A

A system of stratification based on social prestige

34
Q

Structural Mobility

A

Mobility that is inevitable from changes in the economy

35
Q

Exchange Mobility

A

Mobility resulting from the swapping of jobs

Sociology Exam (10 decks)

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