Chapter Two

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

Pure substance; cannot be broken down any further

Question 3

Compound

Answer 3

Chemical combination of two or more substances

Question 4

Of the 92 elements know to exist in nature, how many are found in the human body?

Answer 4

24 elements are found in the human body

Question 5

O

Answer 5

Oxygen

Question 6

C

Answer 6

Carbon

Question 7

H

Answer 7

Hydrogen

Question 8

N

Answer 8

Nitrogen

Question 9

Ca

Answer 9

Calcium

Question 10

P

Answer 10

Phosphorus

Question 11

S

Answer 11

Sulfur

Question 12

K

Answer 12

Potassium

Question 13

Na

Answer 13

Sodium

Question 14

Cl

Answer 14

Chlorine

Question 15

Mg

Answer 15

Magnesium

Question 16

Fe

Answer 16

Iron

Question 17

Co

Answer 17

Cobalt

Question 18

Cu

Answer 18

Copper

Question 19

F

Answer 19

Flourine

Question 20

I

Answer 20

Iodine

Question 21

Mn

Answer 21

Manganese

Question 22

Zn

Answer 22

Zinc

Question 23

Atoms

Answer 23

Made up of three parts:
-Proton
-Electron
-Neutron

Question 24

Atomic Number

Answer 24

Number of protons in the nucleus determine the atomic number

Question 25

Atomic Weight

Answer 25

The number of protons and neutrons added together

Question 26

Proton

Answer 26

Has postive charge

Question 27

Neutron

Answer 27

Has no charge - neurtral

Question 28

Electron

Answer 28

Has negative charge

Question 29

Neucleus

Answer 29

The center where the protons and neutrons are

Question 30

T or F:
The number of electrons is always the same as the number of protons

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Isotope

Answer 31

When an atom contains a different number of neutrons

Question 32

Valence Electrons

Answer 32

Most atoms are not stable, and they are drawn to other atoms as they attempt to share, gain, or lose the electrons in the outer shells

Question 33

Molecule

Answer 33

A particle composed of two or more atoms united by a chemical bond

Question 34

Chemical Bond

Answer 34

Three types:
-Ionic Bonds
-Covalent Bonds
-Hydrogen Bonds

Question 35

Ionic Bonds

Answer 35

These are formed when one atom transfers an electron from its outer shell to another atom. Because electrons are positively or negatively charged, when an atom gains or loses an electron, its overall charge changes from neutral to either positive or negative

Question 36

Ions

Answer 36

Electrically charged Ions

Question 37

Cations

Answer 37

Ions with positive charge

Question 38

Anions

Answer 38

Ions with negative charge

Question 41

Electrolytes