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Anatomy + Physiology 1 > Ch 10 > Flashcards

Ch 10 Flashcards

1
Q

How many types of muscle is there?

A

Three:
Cardiac
Smooth
Skeletal

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2
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Only found in the heart
Short, branching fibers
appears striped
involuntary muscle - contracts automatically

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3
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Found in digestive tract/blood vessels/bladder/airways/uterus
Does not appear striped when viewed under microscope
(nonstirated)
Know as involuntary - contracts automatically

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4
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Attached to bone and causes movement of body
Voluntary muscle - can be contracted at will
appears striated when looked at under microscope

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5
Q

Muscle Fiber

A

Skeletal muscle cell

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6
Q

Endomysium

A

Delicate connective tissue that covers each muscle fiber

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7
Q

Fascicles

A

Muscle fibers that are grouped in bundles

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8
Q

Perimysium

A

A sheath of tougher connective tissue that encases the fascicles

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9
Q

Epimysium

A

Another layer of connective tissue that surrounds the muscle as a whole and binds all the muscle fibers together

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10
Q

Fascia

A

Connective tissue that surround the muscle outside of the epimysium

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11
Q

Deep Fascia

A

Lies between muscles

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12
Q

Superficial Fascia

A

(hypodermis) resides just under the skin

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13
Q

Direct Attachment

A

Muscle fibers merge with the periosteum of the bone, forming a strong attachment

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14
Q

Indirect Attachment

A

The epimysium extends past the muscle as a tendon (a long fibrous cord). Then the tendon merges with the periosteum.

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15
Q

Aponeurosis

A

When muscle attaches to muscle. Epimysium extends past the muscle as a flat broad tendon then fuses with the cover of the other muscle. occasionally it will also attach to bone.

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16
Q

Sarcolemma

A

The plasma membrane surrounding each fiber

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17
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

The cytoplasm of the muscle cell

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18
Q

Myofibrils

A

Long protein bundles - they store glycogen (used for energy & oxygen)

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19
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle fiber - surrounds each myofibril.
(where calcium ions are stored)

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20
Q

Myofilaments

A

The even finer fibers inside of myofibrils

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21
Q

What are the two type of myofibrils?

A

Thick and Thin

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22
Q

That are thick myofillaments made out of?

A

The protein called actin

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23
Q

Transverse Tubules

A

System of tubules that extend across the sarcoplasm.

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24
Q

Thick filaments

A

shaped like a golf club

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25
Q

thin filaments

A

consists of two chains of actin. looks like string of beads.
entwined with two other proteins: Tropomyosin and Troponin

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26
Q

Sarcomeres

A

Section between z-disks, acts as a lattice work to form units

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27
Q

Z-disc or Z-line

A

Serves as anchor point for thin myofilaments

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28
Q

Motor Neuron

A

Skeletal muscle must be stimulated by a nerve to contract, this is the neuron that do that.

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29
Q

Axons

A

Extensions from the cell bodies, carries the impulses to the skeletal muscles

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30
Q

Neuromuscular Junction

A

Connection between motor neuron and a muscle fiber

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31
Q

Actin

A

Causes contaction in muscle

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32
Q

Myosin

A

Causes contraction in muscle

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33
Q

Synaptic Cleft

A

The narrow space between the end of the motor nerve and muscle fiber

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34
Q

Neuro Transmitter

A

Chemical Messenger

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35
Q

Acetylcholinesterase

A

The enzyme that breaks down any remaining ACh while calcium ions are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

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36
Q

Muscle Tone

A

Continuous state of partial contraction

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37
Q

Motor Unit

A
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38
Q

Threshold

A
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39
Q

Twitch

A
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40
Q

Treppe

A
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41
Q

Incomplete tetnus

A
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42
Q

Complete tetnus

A
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43
Q

Strong Stimulus

A
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44
Q

Weak Stimulus

A
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45
Q

Recruitment

A
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46
Q

Isotonic Contractions

A
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47
Q

Isometric Contractions

A
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48
Q

Origin

A

Refers to the end of the muscle that attaches to the more stationary bone

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49
Q

Belly

A

Thick midsection of the muscle

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50
Q

Insertion

A

The end of the muscle that attaches to the more movable bone

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51
Q

Hypertrophy

A

When the muscle enlarges, caused by weight training.

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52
Q

Atrophy

A

When lack of use happens, the muscle fibers/ muscles shrink

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53
Q

Frontalis

A

Raises eyebrows when glancing upward or when showing surprise

54
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

A

A sphincter muscle that closes the eye when blinking or squinting

55
Q

Zygomaticus

A

Draws the mouth upward when laughing

56
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

Closes the mouth and purses the lips like when kissing

57
Q

Buccinatior

A

Assists in smiling and blowing as well as chewing

58
Q

Temporalis

A

Aids in closing the jaw

59
Q

Masseter

A

Closes the jaw

60
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Flexes the head, rotates the head to the opposite side when only one muscle contracts

61
Q

Trapezius

A

Extends the head and flexes the head to one side. Also elevates the shoulder.

62
Q

Maximus

A

Largest

63
Q

Minimus

A

Smallest

64
Q

Major

A

Large

65
Q

Minor

A

SMall

66
Q

Longus

A

Longest

67
Q

Brevis

A

Shortest

68
Q

Deltoid

A

Triangular

69
Q

Rhomboid

A

Diamond shaped

70
Q

Serratus

A

Sawtoothed

71
Q

Trapezius

A

Trapezoidal

72
Q

Pectorialis

A

Chest

73
Q

Brachio-

A

Upper Arm

74
Q

Radialis

A

Radius

75
Q

Gluteus

A

Butt

76
Q

Femoris

A

Femur

77
Q

Sterno-

A

Sternum

78
Q

Cleido-

A

Clavical

79
Q

Mastoid

A

Mastoid Process

80
Q

DIgiti

A

Finger or toe

81
Q

Pollicis

A

Thumb

82
Q

Biceps

A

Two origins

83
Q

Triceps

A

Three origins

84
Q

Quadriceps

A

Four origins

85
Q

Rectus

A

Straight

86
Q

Transverse

A

Across

87
Q

Oblique

A

Diagonal

88
Q

Adductor

A

Adducts

89
Q

Abductor

A

Abducts

90
Q

Flexor

A

Flexes

91
Q

Extensor

A

Extends

92
Q

Levator

A

Elevates

93
Q

External Intercostals

A

Lie superficially between the ribs; elevate the ribs during inspiration

94
Q

Internal Intercostals

A

Lie deeper than the external intercostals; depress the ribs during forced exhalation

95
Q

Diaphragm

A

Enlarges the thorax to trigger inspiration

96
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Flexes the lumbar region of the spinal column to cause bending forward at the waist. Extends from the sternum to the pubic bone.

97
Q

Transversus Abdominis

A

Compresses the contents of the abdomen

98
Q

External Oblique

A

Compresses the abdominal organs. Aids forceful expiration, vomiting, and deification. Also allows flexion of the vertebral column and rotation and lateral bending of the trunk.

99
Q

Linea Alba

A

The white line
Where the muscles of the abdominal wall meet in the midline. Is a tough band of connective tissue

100
Q

Transversus Abdominal

A

Compresses the contents of the abdomen

101
Q

Internal Oblique

A

Stabilizes the spine and maintains posture, just like the external oblique muscles; also permits rotation of the waist

102
Q

Deltoid

A

Abducts, flexes, and rotates the arm.
involved in swinging the arm (walking or bowling) also raises the arm to perform tasks such as writing on an elevated surface

103
Q

Pectoral Major

A

Flexes and adducts the upper arm, such as climbing and hugging

104
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Drives all forward reaching and pushing movements. pulls the shoulder down and forward.

105
Q

Trapezius

A

Raises and lowers the shoulders;
stabilizes the scapula during arm movements

106
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

adducts the humerus; extends the upper arm backward. serves to pull body upward when grasping an object overhead such as when climbing

107
Q

Rotator Cuff

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
(SITS muscles)

108
Q

Brachialis

A

The prime mover when flexing the forearm

109
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Assists the brachialis when flexing the forearm, also flexes the elbox and supinates the forearm (like opening a bottle with a corkscrew)

110
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

The prime mover when extending the forearm

111
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Helps the brachialis and the biceps brachii flex the forearm

112
Q

Pronator muscles

A

allow the arm to pronate (palm down)

113
Q

Supinator Muscle

A

Lies deep in the forearm near the elbow and joins forces with biceps brachii to allow supination (palms up)

114
Q

Flexors

A

Muscles that flex the wrist

115
Q

Extensors

A

Act to extend the wrist

116
Q

Iliopsoas

A

Flexes the thigh. This refers to a combinations of the following muscles
Illiacus and Psoas Major

117
Q

Sartorius

A

Longest muscle in the body. Aids in flexion of the hip and knee (sitting) and abducts and laterally rotates the thigh (sitting cross legged)

118
Q

Adductor Muscles

A

Rotate and draw the thigh toward the body.
The group consists of:
Adductor Magnus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Longus
Gracilis

119
Q

Quadriceps Femoris

A

Most powerful muscle in the body, prime mover for knee extension. The 4 muscles are:
Vastus intermedius
Rectus Femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis

120
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

Abducts and rotates the thigh outward

121
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

The bulkiest muscle in the body, produces backswing of the leg when walking and power to climb stairs

122
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

This muscle lies beneath the other two gluteal muscles, assists medius in abducting the thigh when extended, aids both internally and externally rotating the thigh.

123
Q

Hamstrings

A

Group of muscles consisting of three muscles which work to extend the thigh at the hip, flex the knee and rotate the leg.
Biceps Femoris
Semitendionsus
Semimembranosus

124
Q

Calf Muscle

A

Made up of two muscles:
Gastrocnemius and Soleus
Contraction of these muscles causes plantar flexion of the foot

125
Q

Calcaneal Tendon

A

Achilles Tendon
The common tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus. It inserts on the calcaneus (heel bone)
largest tendon

126
Q

Synergists

A

Help with movement of a bone

127
Q

Antagonists

A

Work against movement/each other

128
Q

Prime Mover

A

The main muscle triggering a movement

129
Q

Fusiform

A
130
Q

What is the longest muscle in the body?

A

Sartorius Muscle

131
Q

What is the most powerful muscle in the body?

A

The quadriceps femoris

132
Q
A

Anatomy + Physiology 1 (9 decks)

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