Chapter Five Flashcards
Tissue
Groups of similar cells that perform a common function
How many types of tissues are there?
Four types
Ectoderm
Outer Layer
Example: Epidermis or Nervous Tissue
Mesoderm
Middle Layer
Example: Lung Tissue, Thyroid Tissue, Pancreatic Tissue
Endoderm
Inner Layer
Example:
Cardiac Muscle, Skeletal Muscle, Bone, Blood, Smooth Muscle (gut)
Differentiation
When each layer gives rise to a different type of tissue
Stem Cells
Special cells that can differentiate into many different types of cells like liver, skin, blood cells
Epithelial Tissue
Continuous sheet of tightly packed cells
Covers the body’s surface
Surface Tissue
Top surface is usually exposed to the environment
Basement Membrane
Bottom surface that adheres to underlying connective tissue
What are the three cell shapes of epithelial tissue?
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Squamous
These cells are flat and plate like. The word means scaly.
Cuboidal
These cells are cube shaped and contain more cytoplasm than squamous cells
Columnar
Higher than they are wide, columnar cells are tall and cylindrical
Simple Epithelia
Every cell touches the basement membrane
Stratified Epithelia
Some cells stack on top of other cells and the upper layers of cells don’t touch the basement membrane
Glandular Epithelium
A
Gland
A collection of epithelial cells that specializes in secretion of a particular substance
Exocrine Gland
secrete their products into ducts
endocrine gland
often called ductless gland. These glands secrete their products (hormones) directly into the blood
Goblet Cells
Modified cells containing secretory vesicles that produce large quantities of mucus
Connective Tissue
The most widespread and most varied of all the tissues; serves to connect the body together and to support, bind, or protect organs
Extracellular Matrix
Collagenous Fibers
Reticular Fibers
Elastic Fibers
