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Anatomy + Physiology 1 > Chapter Six > Flashcards

Chapter Six Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermis

A

The outermost layer of the skin, consists of stratified squamous epithelial tissue

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2
Q

Dermis

A

The inner, deeper layer of the skin. Made of connective tissue. Contains primarily collagen fibers, but also has elastin fibers, and reticular fibers.

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3
Q

Papillae

A

Finger-like projections extend upward from the dermis.

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4
Q

Hypodermis

A

Subcutaneous tissue made of loose connective (areolar) tissue and adipose tissue.

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5
Q

Stratum Basale

A

basal layer
The innermost layer, consists of a layer of columnar stem cells

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6
Q

Stratum Germinativum

A

Other name for Stratum Basale

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7
Q

Keratin

A

Tough Fibrous protein

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8
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

Outermost layer
What is left of the dead cells is their keratin, which come and replace the dead cells that flake away with daily wear

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9
Q

Keratinocytes

A

newly flattened dead cells arriving from the inner laters of the epidermis

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10
Q

Langerhans Cells

A

Phagocytic Cells “pacman cells”

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11
Q

Merkel Cells

A

Sensory Receptors in the dermis

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12
Q

SQ

A

Subcutaneous Injection 45 degree insertion

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13
Q

ID

A

Intradermal Injection 15 degree insertion

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14
Q

Melanocytes

A

Cells that are scattered through the basal layer of the epidermis and produce a substance called melanin that accumulates in the cells of the epidermis

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15
Q

Melanin

A

Forms a cap over the top of the cells nucleus to protect it from harmful UV rays

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16
Q

What are the two types of Melanin?

A

Pheomelanin and Eumelanin

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17
Q

Pheomelanin

A

Reddish melanin

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18
Q

Eumelanin

A

Brown-Black melanin

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19
Q

Cyanosis

A

Skin Tone: Blue Tint
Cause: Deficiency of oxygen in circulating blood

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20
Q

Jaundice

A

Skin Tone: Yellow discoloration of skin and whites of eyes
Cause: Impaired liver function (ie. hepatitis or liver disease) that allows bile to accumulate which stains the skin

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21
Q

Bronzing

A

Skin Tone: Golden Brown skin color
Cause: Deficiency of hormones from the adrenal gland, such as occurs with Addison disease

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22
Q

Albinism

A

Skin Tone: Extremely pale skin, white hair, pink eyes
Cause: A genetic lack of melanin

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23
Q

Erythema

A

Skin Tone: Abnormal redness
Cause: Increased blood flow in dilated blood vessels close to the skins surface

24
Q

Pallor

A

Skin Tone: Pale Skin
Cause: Decreased blood flow

25
Q

Bruise (hematoma)

A

Skin Tone: Bluish, black, or yellow mark on skin
Cause: The breakdown of clotted blood under the skin

26
Q

Functions of the skin:

A

Protection
Barrier
Vitamin D production
Sensory Perception
Thermoregulation

27
Q

Encapsulated Nerve Endings

A

Pick up touch and pressure

28
Q

Free Nerve Endings

A

Pick up heat, cold, pain, itch

29
Q

Shaft

A

Part of the hair that extends above the skin’s surface

30
Q

Hair Follicle

A

A sheath of epidermis that have rich nerve and blood supply

31
Q

Bulb/Root

A

Lowest part of the hair, where the growth occurs

32
Q

Papilla

A

Cluster of connective tissue and blood vessels that nourish each hair

33
Q

Arrector Pili

A

Small bundle of smooth muscle, responsible for “making your hair stand on end”

34
Q

Alopecia

A

Excessive hair loss

35
Q

Male Pattern Baldness

A

Happens when a person has inherited a specific gene AND have high levels of testosterone which is why it typically occurs in men

36
Q

Cuticle

A

A fold of skin that surrounds the nail body

37
Q

Nail Body

A

Visible part of the nail

38
Q

Lunula

A

Crescent-shaped white area at the base of the nail

39
Q

Nail Bed

A

Layer of epithelium under the nail, appears pink because of rich blood supply in the area

40
Q

Nail Root

A

Proximal end of the nail, hidden under overlying tissue

41
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A

Eccrine Gland and Apocrine Gland

42
Q

Sebaceous Gland

A

Open into a hair follicle, secretes an oily substance called sebum to help keep the skin and hair from drying out and becoming brittle

43
Q

Apocrine Gland

A

Contains a duct that leads to hair follicle
Located mainly in the axillary and anogenital regions
Are scent glands that respond to stress/sexual stimulation
Begin to function at puberty
Sweat produced here does not have strong over unless it collects on skin

44
Q

Eccrine Gland

A

Contains duct that leads to skin surface
Widespread throughout the body but abundant on palms, forehead, and upper torso
Produce transparent watery fluid called sweat which contains potassium, ammonia, lactic acid, uric acid, and other waste
Sweat plays large role in helping body maintain a constant core temp

45
Q

Ceruminous Glands

A

Glands that exist in the external ear canal.
Produce a waxy substance called Cerumen

46
Q

Cerumen

A

Ear Wax

47
Q

How many classifications of burns are there?

A

Three

48
Q

First Degree Burns

A
  • Involves only the epidermis
  • Causes redness, slight swelling, and pain
  • Often results from sunlight
49
Q

Second Degree Burns

A
  • Involves the epidermis as well as part of dermis
  • results in blisters, severe pain, swelling
  • may result with scarring
  • may appear red, white, or tan
50
Q

Third Degree Burns

A
  • extends through the epidermis and dermis and into the subcutaneous layer
  • may not be painful initially because of the destruction of nerve endings
  • may appear white or black and leathery
  • often requires skin grafts
51
Q

What is the most common form of cancer?

A

Skin Cancer

52
Q

How many types of skin cancer are there?

A

Three

53
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A
  • Most Common Type
  • Seldom metastasizes so its the least dangerous
  • Arises from cells of the stratum basale, typically on the nose or face
    -Lesion first appears as a small shiny bump, then it develops a central depression and a beaded pearly edge
  • Risk factors include UV light exposure, having light colored skin, advanced age, and a suppressed immune system
54
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A
  • Arises in the epidermis and is slow growing
  • Often occurs on scalp, forehead, backs of hands, tops of ears
  • Has raised red scaly appearance
  • Some forms may metastasize
  • Risk factors include UV light exposure, having light colored skin, advanced age, and suppressed immune system
55
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A
  • Most deadly of all skin cancers
  • Develops from melanocytes, sometimes from those in a preexisting mole
  • Metastasizes quickly, often fatal when not treated early
  • Risk is greatest in individuals who had severe sunburns as children
56
Q
A

Anatomy + Physiology 1 (9 decks)

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