Chapter Two Flashcards
Uniform Crime Report
a large database, compiled by the FBI, of crimes reported and arrests made each year throughout the US
Part I Crimes
the eight most serious offenses included in the UCR
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
the willful killing of one human being by another
forcible rape
the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will
robbery
the taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person by force or violence and/or putting the victim in fear
aggravated assault
unlawful attack upon a person, accompanied by the use of a weapon, for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury
burglary
unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft
larceny
the unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another
motor vehicle theft
the theft of a motor vehicle
arson
the willful or malicious burning of one’s personal property
Part II Crimes
all other crimes included in the UCR arrest data, such as drug offenses, sex crimes, and vandalism
cleared crimes
either at least one person is arrested, charged, and turned over to the court for prosecution or when some element beyond the police precluded the physical arrest of an offender
National Crime Victimization Survey
ongoing victimization study by the Justice Department and US Census Bureau that surveys victims about experiences with law violation
self- report survey
research approach that requires subjects to reveal their own participation in delinquent or criminal acts
liberal feminist theory
view of crime that suggests that the social and economic role of women in society controls their crime rates
sampling
selecting a limited number of people for study as representation of a larger group
population
all people who share a particular characteristic
National Incident Based Reporting System
programs that requires local police agencies to provide a brief account of each incident and arrest including incident, victim, and offender information
racial profiling
a police-initiated action directed at a suspect of group of suspects based solely on their race
racial threat hypothesis
as the size of the black population increases, the perceived threat to the white population increases, resulting in a greater amount of social control imposed on African Americans
resource deprivation
consequence of a lack of income and other resources, which cumulatively leads to poverty
instrumental crimes
offenses designed to improve the financial or social position of the criminal
expressive crimes
offenses committed to vent rage, anger, or frustration; not for personal profit or gain
income inequality
unequal distribution of household or individual income across the various participants in an economy
aging out
a phrase used to express the fact that people commit less crime as they mature
chronic offenders
also known as career criminals, it represents a small group of persistent offenders who account for a majority of all criminal offenses
early onset
the view that repeat offenders begin their criminal careers at a very young age
three-strike policies
laws that require offenders to serve life in prison after they are convicted of a third felony
