Chapter Two

Question 1

Uniform Crime Report

Answer 1

a large database, compiled by the FBI, of crimes reported and arrests made each year throughout the US

Question 2

Part I Crimes

Answer 2

the eight most serious offenses included in the UCR

Question 3

Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter

Answer 3

the willful killing of one human being by another

Question 4

forcible rape

Answer 4

the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will

Question 5

robbery

Answer 5

the taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person by force or violence and/or putting the victim in fear

Question 6

aggravated assault

Answer 6

unlawful attack upon a person, accompanied by the use of a weapon, for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury

Question 7

burglary

Answer 7

unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft

Question 8

larceny

Answer 8

the unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another

Question 9

motor vehicle theft

Answer 9

the theft of a motor vehicle

Question 10

arson

Answer 10

the willful or malicious burning of one’s personal property

Question 11

Part II Crimes

Answer 11

all other crimes included in the UCR arrest data, such as drug offenses, sex crimes, and vandalism

Question 12

cleared crimes

Answer 12

either at least one person is arrested, charged, and turned over to the court for prosecution or when some element beyond the police precluded the physical arrest of an offender

Question 13

National Crime Victimization Survey

Answer 13

ongoing victimization study by the Justice Department and US Census Bureau that surveys victims about experiences with law violation

Question 14

self- report survey

Answer 14

research approach that requires subjects to reveal their own participation in delinquent or criminal acts

Question 15

liberal feminist theory

Answer 15

view of crime that suggests that the social and economic role of women in society controls their crime rates

Question 16

sampling

Answer 16

selecting a limited number of people for study as representation of a larger group

Question 17

population

Answer 17

all people who share a particular characteristic

Question 18

National Incident Based Reporting System

Answer 18

programs that requires local police agencies to provide a brief account of each incident and arrest including incident, victim, and offender information

Question 19

racial profiling

Answer 19

a police-initiated action directed at a suspect of group of suspects based solely on their race

Question 20

racial threat hypothesis

Answer 20

as the size of the black population increases, the perceived threat to the white population increases, resulting in a greater amount of social control imposed on African Americans

Question 21

resource deprivation

Answer 21

consequence of a lack of income and other resources, which cumulatively leads to poverty

Question 22

instrumental crimes

Answer 22

offenses designed to improve the financial or social position of the criminal

Question 23

expressive crimes

Answer 23

offenses committed to vent rage, anger, or frustration; not for personal profit or gain

Question 24

income inequality

Answer 24

unequal distribution of household or individual income across the various participants in an economy

Question 25

aging out

Answer 25

a phrase used to express the fact that people commit less crime as they mature

Question 26

chronic offenders

Answer 26

also known as career criminals, it represents a small group of persistent offenders who account for a majority of all criminal offenses

Question 27

early onset

Answer 27

the view that repeat offenders begin their criminal careers at a very young age

Question 28

three-strike policies

Answer 28

laws that require offenders to serve life in prison after they are convicted of a third felony