Chapter Five

Question 1

trait theories

Answer 1

view criminality as a product of abnormal biological or psychological traits

Question 2

sociobiology

Answer 2

view that human behavior is motivated by inborn biological urges to to survive and preserve the species

Question 3

individual vulnerability model

Answer 3

assumes there is a direct link between traits and crime; some people are vulnerable to crime from birth

Question 4

differential susceptibility model

Answer 4

belief that there is an indirect association between traits and crime

Question 5

hypoglycemia

Answer 5

condition that occurs when glucose in the blood falls below levels necessary for normal and efficient brain function

Question 6

androgens

Answer 6

male sex hormones

Question 7

testosterone

Answer 7

the principle male hormone

Question 8

PMS

Answer 8

can lead to antisocial and aggressive behavior in women

Question 9

neurophysiology

Answer 9

the study of brain activity

Question 10

conduct disorder

Answer 10

pattern of repetitive behavior in which the rights of others or social norms are violated

Question 11

ADHD

Answer 11

developmentally inappropriate lack of attention along with impulsivity and hyperactivity

Question 12

neurotransmitters

Answer 12

chemical compounds that influence or activate brain functions

Question 13

arousal theory

Answer 13

view that people seek to maintain a preferred level of arousal but vary in how they process sensory input. A need for high levels of environmental stimulation may lead to aggressive violent behavior patterns

Question 14

monozygotic twins

Answer 14

identical twins

Question 15

dizygotic twins

Answer 15

fraternal twins