Chapter Eight Flashcards
critical criminologists
criminologists who believe the cause of crime can be linked to economic, social, and political disparity
supranational criminology
study of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and the supranational penal system in which crimes are prosecuted and tried
surplus value
the Marxist view that the laboring classes produce wealth that far exceeds their wages and goes to the capitalist class as profits
marginalization
displacement of workers, pushing them outside the economic and social mainstream
dropout factories
high schools in which the completion rate is consistently 40 percent or less
globalization
the process of creating transnational markets, politics, and legal systems in an effort to form and sustain a global economy
state-organized crime
acts defined by law as criminal and committed by state officials, either reelected or appointed, in pursuit of their jobs as government representatives
instrumental theorists
hold the view that criminal law and the criminal justice system are capitalist instruments for controlling the lower class
structural theorists
hold the view that criminal law and the criminal justice system are means of defending and preserving the capitalist system
demystify
to unmask the true purpose of law, justice, or other social institutions
left realism
an approach that views crime as a function of relative deprivation under capitalism and that favors pragmatic, , community-based crime prevention and control
preemptive deterrence
efforts to prevent crime through community organization and youth involvement
patriarchy
society in which men dominate public, social, economic, and political affairs
paternalistic families
traditional family model in which fathers assume the role of breadwinners, while the mothers tend to have menial jobs or remain at home to supervise domestic matters
role exit behaviors
in order to escape from a stifling life in male-dominated families, girls may try to run away
egalitarian families
families in which spouses share similar positions of power at home and in the workplace
power-control theory
view that gender differences in crime are a function of economic power and parental control
peacemaking
approach that considers punitive crime control strategies to be counterproductive and favors the use of humanistic conflict resolution to prevent and control crime
restorative justive
using humanistic, non-punitive strategies to right wrongs and restore social harmony
shame
the feeling we get when we don’t meet the standards we have set for ourselves or that significant others have set for us
re-integrative shaming
method of correction that encourages offenders to confront their misdeeds, experience shame because of the harm they caused, and then be re-included in society
sentencing circle
peacemaking technique in which offenders, victims, and other community members are brought together in an effort to formulate a sanction that addresses the needs of all
