Chapter Three Flashcards
What was the USA’s initial approach to Europe?
Wanted to work towards the reconstruction of a democratic region, with all countries committed to cooperation. No long term entanglement. No indication that the US regarded Europe as a springboard of a global power for itself.
What did Dean G. Acheson and Clayton find regarding Europe’s economy?
1945 Acheson found that the situation in Europe showed an international problem- a threat to international democracy based on capitalism. Poor future prospects for Europe.
In 1947 Clayton concluded a failure to revive European states would damage USA economically.
What did Britain not want its relationship with the USA to become?
One of dependency upon the USA, but rather one of mutual support. USA needed Britain and its role and influence in Europe just as much as Britain needed the USA to reinforce its own international status.
What did the Marshall Plan’s aid entail?
Effective from 1948. Over the next 5 years, the Marshall Plan provided $13.5 billion to 16 countries in Europe. This came in the form of money and goods. Recipients had to share economic info with the USA.
What were the aims of the Marshall Plan?
Part of an American economic strategy to benefit the American economy by helping Europe’s economic reconstruction, but also promoting European unity. Stable European bloc would be created which would reinforce Truman’s ideas of containment. Also prevent countries from turning towards communism due to desperation.
By 1947, which two countries were not fully under communist control?
Czechoslovakia and Hungary, and there were still communist-dominated coalition governments with some interest in receiving Marshall Aid. Soviet Union feared it may undermine their influence.
What conference discussing Marshall Aid did the Soviet Union walk out of 1947 and what did Stalin demand of those countries expressing an interest?
Walked out of the Paris Peace Conference and ordered EE to not accept the aid.
