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General Psychology > Chapter Thirteen > Flashcards

Chapter Thirteen Flashcards

Psychological Disorders

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1
Q

Psychological Disorder

A

Disturbance in people’s thoughts, emotions, or behaviors that causes distress or suffering and impairs their daily lives

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2
Q

Medical Model

A

Physical cause (syphilis) of a mental disorder triggered search for curative treatments for other mental disorders

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3
Q

Epigenetics

A

Study of environmental influences on gene expressions that occur without a DNA change

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4
Q

DSM-5-TR

A

American Psychiatric Association’s 2013 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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5
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety, or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

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6
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

Individual is continually tense, fearful, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

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7
Q

Panic Disorder

A

Individuals experience sudden terror accompanied by chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations

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8
Q

Specific Phobia

A

Characterized by persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

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9
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A

Characterized by unwanted and repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both

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10
Q

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A

Disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia lingering for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

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11
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorder

A

Mental health condition that causes a person to have an extreme focus on one or more physical symptoms, along with excessive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors related to those symptoms

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12
Q

Illness Anxiety Disorder

A

Anxiety disorder that causes people to have an excessive and persistent fear of having a serious illness, even when there is no medical evidence to support it

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13
Q

Psychoactive Drug

A

Chemical substance that alters the brain, causing changes in perceptions and moods

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14
Q

Substance Use Disorder

A

Disorder characterized by continued substance use despite significant life disruption

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15
Q

Tolerance

A

Dwindling effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect

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16
Q

Addiction

A

Compulsive substance use (or dysfunctional behavior patterns) that continue despite harmful consequences

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17
Q

Withdrawal

A

Discomfort and distress that follow ending the use of an addictive drug or behavior

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18
Q

Alcohol Use Disorder

A

Alcohol use characterized by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use

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19
Q

Depressants

A

Reduce neural activity and slow body functions

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20
Q

Barbiturates

A

Depress central nervous system activity

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21
Q

Opioids

A

Depress nervous system activity; provide temporary relief from anxiety and pain

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22
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

23
Q

Nicotine

A

Stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco; one of most addictive stimulants

24
Q

Cocaine

A

Powerful and addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant

25
Q

Amphetamines

A

Drugs that stimulate neural activity

26
Q

Methamphetamine

A

Stimulates the central nervous system

27
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Psychedelic drugs that distort perception and trigger sensory images in the absence of sensory input

28
Q

Ecstasy (MDMA)

A

Synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen

29
Q

Near-Death Experience

A

Altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death

30
Q

LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)

A

Powerful hallucinogenic drug; known as acid

31
Q

THC

A

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the major active ingredient in marijuana that triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

32
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A

Depressed for two weeks or more; the most common form of depression is major depressive disorder

33
Q

Bipolar Disorders

A

Characterized by alternating between hopelessness/ weariness of depression and verexcited state of mania

34
Q

What are delusions

A

False beliefs

35
Q

Mania

A

Little need for sleep, easily irritable nature, fewer sexual inhibitions

36
Q

Psychotic Disorders

A

Group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality

37
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression

38
Q

Acute Schizophrenia

A

Form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to a traumatic event, and from which recovery is much more likely

39
Q

Chronic schizophrenia

A

Form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten

40
Q

Delusion

A

False and paranoid belief

41
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

Controversial and rare disorders in which conscious awareness is separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

42
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

A

Rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating identities

43
Q

What was DID peviously called

A

Mutiple personality disorder

44
Q

Personality Disorders

A

Inflexible and enduring behavior pattern that impairs social functioning

45
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

Lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members

46
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

Person maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight, and has an inaccurate self-perception accompanied by excessive exercise (not most accurate definition)

47
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

Person’s binge eating followed by inappropriate weight-loss-promoting behavior

48
Q

Binge-Eating Disorder

A

Significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the behavior to compensate that marks bulimia nervosa

49
Q

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A

Typical changes are disrupted in childhood because of unusual features of the central nervous system

50
Q

Intellectual Developmental Disorder

A

Condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence test score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the demands of life

51
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A

Disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by limitations in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors

52
Q

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A

Psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity

53
Q

Positive Symptoms

A

Inappropriate behaviors are present

54
Q

Negative Symptoms

A

Appropriate behaviors are absent

General Psychology (10 decks)

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