Chapter One

Question 1

What is structuralism

Answer 1

Structure of the human mind

Question 2

What is functionalism

Answer 2

How the mind functions

Question 3

What is behaviorism

Answer 3

The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes

Question 4

What is cognitive neuroscience

Answer 4

Brain activity underlying mental activity

Question 5

What is humanistic psychology

Answer 5

Emphasis on human growth potential

Question 6

What is cognitive psychology

Answer 6

Mental processes involved in perceiving, learning, remembering, thinking, communicating, and solving problems

Question 7

What is psychology

Answer 7

Science of behavior and mental processes

Question 8

What do counseling psychologists do

Answer 8

Help people cope with challenges and crises and assist those with psychological disorders to improve their personal and social function

Question 9

What do clinical psychologists do

Answer 9

Assess and treat people with mental, emotional, and behavior disorders

Question 10

What are/what do psychiatrists (do)

Answer 10

Medical doctors who are licensed to prescribe drugs and otherwise treat physical causes of psychological disorders

Question 11

What are the aspects of the biopsychosocial approch

Answer 11

Shared biologically-rooted human behavior, individual differences in traits, abilities, and identites, and membership in a larger social system, a family, ethnicity, or cultural group

Question 12

Nature vs Nurture

Answer 12

How our genes affect us (nature) vs how our enviornment affects us (nurture)

Question 13

What is dual processing

Answer 13

How our perception, thinking, memory, and attitudes all operate on two independent levels (conscious aware track and unconscious aware track)

Question 14

What do community psychologists do

Answer 14

Work to create social and physical enviornments that are healthy for all

Question 15

Behavior

Answer 15

Anything a human or non-human animal does

Question 16

Mental Processes

Answer 16

Internal subjective experiences

Question 17

What is hindsight bias

Answer 17

When common sense describes, after the fact, what has happened better than it predicts what will happen (outcome seems obvious after the fact)

Question 18

Theory

Answer 18

Explains behaviors or events by offering ideas that organize what we have observed

Question 19

Hypothesis

Answer 19

Testable prediction

Question 20

What are naturalistic observations

Answer 20

Recording the natural behavior of many individuals (responses recorded in natural enviornment)

Question 21

What are labatorial observations

Answer 21

Responses recorded outside a natural setting

Question 22

Survey

Answer 22

Looks at many cases, asks people to report their own behavior or opinons

Question 23

Experiment

Answer 23

Method in which researchers vary one or more variables to observe the effect on some process

Question 24

What is a placebo

Answer 24

An inactive substance or condition that is sometimes given to those in a control group in place of the treatment given to the experimental group

Question 25

What is the placebo effect

Answer 25

A beneficial effect produced by a placebo drug or treatment, which cannot be attributed to the properties of the placebo itself, and must therefore be due to the patient’s belief in that treatment

Question 26

What does correlation indicate

Answer 26

The possibility of cause-effect relationship (does not prove causation)