Chapter Fourteen Flashcards
Therapy
Psychotherapy
Treatment involving psychological techniques: Interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to address psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth
Biomedical Therapy
Prescribes medications or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology
Eclectic Approach
Psychotherapy and medication combined
Psychoanalysis
Patient’s free associations, resistances, and dreams (and the analyst’s interpretations of them) releases previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight
Resistance
Blocking unpleasant or anxiety-laden material from consciousness
Interpretation
Analyst’s noting dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events to promote insight and growth
Transference
Patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships
Psychodynamic Therapy
Therapy influenced by the psychoanalytic tradition
Insight Therapies
Therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses
Person-Centered Therapy
Humanistic therapy in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within an accepting, genuine, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth
Who was person-centered therapy developed by?
Carl Rogers
Active Listening
Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies
Unconditional Positive Regard
Caring, accepting, and nonjudgmental attitude
Behavior Therapy
Therapy that uses learning principles to reduce unwanted behaviors, and increase desirable behavior
Counterconditioning
Behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors
Exposure Therapies
Behavioral techniques that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imaginary or in actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid
Systematic Desensitization
Type of exposure theory that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing, anxiety-triggering stimuli
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
Counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety through creative electronic simulations in which people can safely face specific fears
Aversive Conditioning
Associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior
Token Economy
People earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for privileges or treats
Cognitive Therapy
Teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinkingand is based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and people’s emotional reactions
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy
Group Therapy
Therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals
Family Therapy
Therapy that treats people in the context of their family system
Confirmation Bias
Tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
Evidence-Based Practice
Clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences
Therapeutic Alliance
Bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client’s problem
Antipsychotic Drugs
Used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorders
Antianxiety Drugs
Calm anxiety as person learns to cope with frightening situations and fear-triggering stimuli
Antidepressant Drugs
Used to treat depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Biomedical therapy for severe depression in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized person
Psychosurgery
Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue to change behavior
Lobotomy
Psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients where nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain are cut
Resilience
Personal strength that help people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma
Posttraumatic Growth
Positive psychological changes following a struggle with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises
