Chapter Ten Flashcards
Stress, Health, and Human Flourishing
Stress
Process of appraising an event as threatening or challenging, and responding to it
Approach and Avoidance Motives
Two distinct systems that regulate behavior based on whether the goal is to move towards or away from a stimulus
Fight-or-Flight Response
Emergency response that mobilizes energy and activity for attacking or escaping a threat
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Body’s adaptive response to stress in three stages—alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
Psychoneuroimmunology
Study of how a person’s immune system and health are affected by the combination of psychological, neural, and endocrine processes
Coronary Heart Disease
Clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle
Type A
Competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people
Type B
Easygoing and relaxed people
Coping
Reducing stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods
Problem-Focused Coping
Attempting to reduce stress directly by changing the stressor or the way one interacts with that stressor
Emotion-Focused Coping
Attempting to reduce stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to the stress reaction
Personal Control
Sense of controlling one’s environment rather than feeling helpless
Learned Helplessness
Hopelessness and passive resignation that an animal or person learns when unable to avoid repeated adverse events
External Locus of Control
Perception that chance or outside forces beyond one’s personal control determine fate
Internal Locus of Control
Perception that each person controls his or her own fate
Self-Control
Ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards
Optimism
Anticipation of positive outcomes
Pessimism
Anticipation of negative outcomes
Emotion Regulation
Ability to control and respond to one’s emotions
Aerobic Exercise
Sustained activity that increases heart and lung fitness
Mindfulness Meditation
Reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner
Subjective Well-Being
Self-perceived satisfaction with life
Happiness
Having more positive than negative feelings; enduring prevalence of positive emotions
Resilience
Personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma
Relative Deprivation
Feeling of being deprived or lacking in comparison to others
