Chaper Nine

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

Need or desire that energizes and directs or pushes behavior that arises from the interplay between nature and nurture

Question 2

Physiological Need

Answer 2

Basic bodily requirement

Question 3

Drive-Reduction Theory

Answer 3

Physiological need creates an aroused state that modivates an individual to satisfy the need

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

Tendency to maintain balanced or constant internal state

Question 5

Incentive

Answer 5

Positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Question 6

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 6

Moderate arousal leads to optimal performance

Question 7

Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 7

We prioritize survivial based needs and then social needs more than the needs for esteem and meaning

Question 8

Glucose

Answer 8

A form of sugar that circulates in the blood

Question 9

Set Point

Answer 9

Point at which an individual’s weight thermostat may be set

Question 10

Basal Metabolic Rate

Answer 10

Body’s resting rate of energy output

Question 11

Obesity

Answer 11

Associated with increased health risks, depression, and bullying

Question 12

Need to Belong

Answer 12

Human emotional need to be accepted by and affiliated with a group

Question 13

Self-Determination Theory

Answer 13

We feel motivated to satisfy our needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness

Question 14

Ostracism

Answer 14

Deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups

Question 15

Narcissism

Answer 15

Personality trait that involves an excessive focus on oneself and one’s own needs, often at the expense of others

Question 16

Achievement Motivation

Answer 16

Desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard

Question 17

Grit

Answer 17

Passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals

Question 18

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 18

The desire to perform a behavior well for its own sake

Question 19

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 19

The desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment

Question 20

Emotion

Answer 20

Bodily arousal, expressive behaviors, conscious experiences, and feelings resulting from one’s experiences

Question 21

James-Lange Theory

Answer 21

Arousal comes before emotion

Question 22

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 22

Arousal and emotion happen at the same time

Question 23

Two-Factor Theory

Answer 23

Arousal fuels emotion; cognition channels it

Question 24

Polygraph

Answer 24

Measures emotion-linked changes in breathing, heart rate, and perspiration

Question 25

Facial Feedback Effect

Answer 25

Tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings