chapter ten: part two Flashcards
what did edward thorndyke do
create the puzzle box experiment
what happened in the puzzle box
cat is in a box and has to pull something to let it out to get its food.
what is law of effect
figuring out the effect of actions, and know that actions have effects
what did b.f skinner say about operant conditioning
actions are shaped by their consequences, reward and punishment
how does operant conditioning differ from classical conditioning
in classical conditioning, action is not learned. while in operant conditioning, there is a voluntary action needing to be learned to get a certain effect
how were skinner’s experiments carried out
in operant boxes with no interaction from experimenter
what causes increase of conditioned (learned) actions
reinforcement
how is positive reinforcement work
if action is done it is given something pleasurable
how is negative reinforcement also work increasing operant conditioning
introducing a upsetting stimulus and having it stopped through some sort of action volunteer has to learn
how does positive punishment work
do learned action = upsetting experience happens
what does punishment do
decrease the behaviour while still promoting operant conditioning
how does negative punishment work
have a pleasant experience and is taken away when learned action is done
what is a primary reinforcer
a reinforcer that satisfies biological needs; food and water
what is secondary reinforcers
reinforcers that fill psychological needs; money, boosting self-esteem
what is partial reinforcement
a designated response reinforced part of the time. behaviour that persists even if not rewarded and produces more extinction-resistant behaviour
