chapter nine: part three Flashcards
what does reading require
fast conversion of visual symbols to sound and meaning
what is phonological awareness
understanding of individual sounds of language
what is alphabetic principle
understanding that there are symbols (letters) in a language
what is orthography
how well letter map onto the way it sounds
what does shallow orthography mean
can be easily predictable to know based on rules of their sounds
what does deep orthography mean
it is not always clear how a word is written based on how they sound
what is developmental dyslexia
diagnosed in childhood, reading and spelling difficulties
where can dyslexia be found
everywhere in the world, however less in shallow orthographic languages
what is direct route
sight reading, seeing a word and assuming what each word is (common)
what is indirect route
sounding each word out, taking orthography and sound each letter, after practice it leads to sight reading
what is letter-position dyslexia
seeing letters as backward or improperly. rare dyslexia type
what is surface dyslexia
problem with sight reading, forced to take indirect route
what is phonological dyslexia
problems with understanding letter and letter combos as a whole. connection between letters and sounds are weak, most common type
what are pseudowords
not real words made up
what happens when you show a pseudoword to someone with surface dyslexia
is able to sound out word, showing they know how letter combos work
