chapter seven: states of consciousness Flashcards
what is consciousness
brain activity that is associated with experience, a constant thing
what are altered states
different states of consciousness depending on arousal (senses) and awareness (how aware of sense)
what consciousness do you have in a normal state
high arousal, high awareness
what consciousness do you have in a deep sleep
no arousal, no awareness
what consciousness do you have in a unresponsive wakefulness syndrome
high arousal, lower awareness
what does it mean to have unresponsive wakefulness syndrome
brain damage resulting in dead/little activity areas of the brain, base level comprehension or none at all
what consciousness do you have in a minimally conscious state
high arousal, some degree of awareness (can follow simple instructions)
what consciousness do you have in a locked-in syndrom
high arousal, high awareness
what happens with locked-in syndrome
appears unresponsive wakefulness, but fully aware of everything and unable to communicate traditionally. neuroimaging helps tells states apart
what is concentrative meditation
take out of current situation and place yourself elsewhere, deep focus on one thing
what is mindfullness
allow mind to wander but not respond to thoughts
how does sleep get triggered
signals from hypothalamus travel to pineal glands and produce melatonin
what is the purpose of melatonin
allows for the body to get drowsy, reacts to light or dark a place is
what is in charge of releasing these hormones
the hypothalamus
what are zeitgebers
clock that can be entertained by outside cues, awake to sleep cycle, external cues to tell one when cycle should end (the sun)
what is an eeg
measures brain wave activity
what is an emg
measures muscle tone movement
what is an eog
measures eye movement. REM is known for lots of movement
what happens when you are deprived of REM sleep
next time you sleep body will try to rebound the REM that it was deprived of
what is different with REM dreams compared to normal dreams
more emotional, sensory and motor senses are up, while everything is active reasoning is quite low and avoids questioning
what is atonia
a sleep paralysis, during REM body is paralyzed. signals are sent to spinal cord, but cannot move
what type of insomnia is where you cannot sleep when you try to
onset insomnia
what is insomnia
a sleep disorder
what type of insomnia is where you continuously keep getting up and cannot stay asleep
maintenance
what type of insomnia is terminal
being woken up during sleep and cannot go back
what is narcolepsy
awake and drowsy, go to sleep very quickly but not for long
what is cataplexy
instantly in REM, triggering atonia
what does orexin mean in hypothalamus
a sign of narcolepsy, sleep is not long
how do we wake up
reticular activating system (RAS)
where is the reticular activating system located (RAS)
brain stem
what does RAS do
a mix of fibres where signals are sent to parts of the brain to wake you up, waking up from REM
what are the two areas RAS targets
the forebrain, to get awareness, and the spinal cord, so body can move, usually done simultaneously
what happens when one part is activated before the other
can feel like you are paralyzed
