chapter ten: learning Flashcards
where does repetitive behaviour result from
learning
what is associative learning
learning of relationship between two pieces of information
what is classical conditioning
simpler type of learning. when we learn that a stimulus predicts another
what did ivan pavlov do
discover the early kind of classical conditioning through dogs.
what did pavlov discover
dogs would respond to certain cues associated with the delivery of food
what is unconditioned stimulus (US)
evoke an unconditioned response without needing to be learned
what is unconditional response (UR)
a natural unlearned reaction to the US
what is neutral stimulus (NS)
does not naturally evoke the UR on its own
what did pavlov do in the conditioning phase
NS is paired with US for it to acquire associative strength (acquisition)
what happens after conditioning
NS alone evokes the response. NS is the conditioned stimulus (learned stimulus) and UR is now a conditioned response (learned response)
how does prediction play a part in learning
there has to be a new association that needs to be learned, over time it also will become as strong as the reliable predictor
what makes a stimulus and response unconditional
they are not learned and are naturally able to associate a certain response to a stimulus
what is extinction
conditioned stimulus will no longer trigger the conditioned response
what is spontaneous recovery
like a long-lost memory that comes back, weaker, and will evaporate again if association is not made strong again
what is important to know about extinction
no evidence for forgetting. helps explain why drug and alcohol relapse can come bac after abstinence
what is the renewal effect
if extinction occurs in a different environment than that of where learning occurred
what is compensatory conditioned responses
all elements that are associated with drug addiction. even holding/seeing certain things associated with previous stimulus can help reawaken learned stimulus and learned response
what is conditioned taste aversion
one bad experience from an event (eating something and getting sick) can strongly carry over to the next experience
what is stimulus generalization
person’s response to one stimulus can be generalized to other stimuli similar to it
what is stimulus discrimination
can discriminate the one stimulus in a certain group and be okay with other stimuli that is similar to it
what are phobias
acquired fear out of proportion to the real threat of an object or situation
what is evolutionary preparedness (some phobias are prone to this)
it is a learned evolutionary fear that has been implemented in someone
where is fear conditioning processed
in the amygdala
how do we remember these emotional responses
amygdala projects to the hippocampus which in turn makes a lasting memory of said experience
what is systematic desensitization
person put in place with fear/phobia, allows person to recognize the responses and gradually control these responses
