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pschology 120 > chapter one: psych as science > Flashcards

chapter one: psych as science Flashcards

1
Q

who was the first philosopher to make theories in psychology?

A

aristotle

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2
Q

psyche = ?

A

the mind

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3
Q

what is the mind

A

human behaviour

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4
Q

what was the reasoning of “the mind”

A

thoughts were too complex to just be contained in the brain

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5
Q

what was the role of the brain (organ)

A

cool body, radiator

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6
Q

where is memory stored according to Aristotle

A

the heart

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7
Q

what is the heart also involved in

A

cooling the blood

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8
Q

what is mentalism

A

non-material mind, all thoughts and behaviour is beyond the body, a person’s soul

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9
Q

who coined dualism

A

descartes

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10
Q

what did descartes say about the non-material mind

A

governs advanced thoughts

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11
Q

what did descartes say about the brain

A

it directs basic mechanical behaviours

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12
Q

what did immanual kant say about human experience

A

it is drawn from the structure of the mind. it is still non-material

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13
Q

what did immanuel kant say about the structure

A

all humans share the same basic structure

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14
Q

what did charles darwin study

A

animals, including humans

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15
Q

what did darwin say about humans

A

they are just animals, nothing special

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16
Q

how did darwin see behaviours

A

they are viewed within evolutionary framework

17
Q

what is materialism

A

the opposite of mentalism, the mind is explained in biological terms and can be compared between species

18
Q

what is natural selection

A

the difference of traits that will allow advantage to specific species

19
Q

who was francis galton

A

darwin’s cousin and who is responsible for social darwinism

20
Q

what is social darwinism

A

humans are different because of genetics, use statistical methods to measure psychological traits by correlation

21
Q

what is nature

A

everything is genes, if you have genes for it, you will be good at something

22
Q

what is nurture

A

nothing is predetermined, to get good, you work hard to get it. everything is experience

23
Q

what was the goal of the first psychologists?

A

create a science of the mind, which would also be respected among the other sciences

24
Q

what did wilhelm wundt say

A

introduced the first experimental psychology lab and produced data. used different measurement tools to measure the mind based on the five sense and were subjectively asnwered

25
Q

what did ernst weber and gustav fencher introduce

A

sensitivity thresholds

26
Q

what is absolute threshold

A

finding the bare minimum of a person’s sensory detection tests how often stimulus can be detected but also when it stops being able to detect stimulus

27
Q

what is difference threshold

A

the just noticeable difference. weber’s law, a human phenomenon that can be measured

28
Q

what is an example of the difference threshold

A

eye doctor appointment, prescriptions

29
Q

what is magnitude estimation

A

measure of perception of objective reality.

30
Q

what is response compression

A

an underreaction

31
Q

what is response expansion

A

an overreaction

32
Q

what is structuralism

A

an academic approach to think of cognition

33
Q

what was edward titchener’s (sturcturalist) goal

A

determine the basic elements of the conscious mind

34
Q

what is introspection

A

measuring an experience to achieve objectivity. free of bias

35
Q

what was a rule of titchener for introspection

A

experimenter must be on the same page with their observer and be able to accurately describe what they are thinking

36
Q

what is fuctionalism

A

study of the practical applications of the growing field of psychology, the how and why of what the mind is doing

37
Q

what did william james study

A

studied why humans think the way they do, took darwinian concepts of evolution and adaptation

pschology 120 (10 decks)

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