chapter nine: intelligence and language Flashcards
who was alfred binet
pioneered the first “intelligence test” and sought to find who preformed well below norm and created special education
what was the stanford-binet intelligence test
standardized test that tests mental age compared to others in the same age group across the population
what was the spearman’s intelligence test
said different people have better abilities in different aspects of learned, tended to still lean into basing off academics
what was the sternberg’s intelligence test
divided through analytical (book smarts) practical (street smarts) and creative (creativity) with no general average and people can be a mix of everything
what is the information you have accumulated called? stuff you’ve gathered and is seen with age progression
crystallized intelligence
what is the in the moment intelligence that allows for problem solving on the spot called?
fluid intelligence
how do animals generally communicate
though sounds and vocalizations. usually to call for food, know who are friends and not, finding mates and marking or territory
what was found in apes that explained why they could not learn how to speak
their vocal tracts were different than that of humans. constrains them to only certain sounds
what did the cross foster and teaching sign language conclude
that they did not learn how to communicate but rather associated the different signs to getting food. they weren’t able to start conversations and fail at the structure of language
what do all animal communication systems contain
a range of expression, holophrases, lack of displacement, and limited combining of symbols and sounds
what is range of expression of animal communication
limited to a number of sounds they are able to make -> few words
what is the lack of displacement in animal communication
only being able to communicate what is happening in the current moment of time
what are holophrases
associating sounds to certain events happening in that given moment
how are animals limited in combining symbols and sounds
cannot combine sounds and form sentences, limited to one idea at a time
what is pidgin language
the language in which washoe and koko could be taught, a simple language with limited to two words being strung together
