Chapter One Flashcards
What does it mean for a cognitive tool to be nonuniversal?
The tool does not exist in all cultures.
What is an example of a nonuniversal cognitive tool?
An abacus, a calculation tool.
What do nonuniversals tend to be?
Cultural inventions.
What is an existential universal cognitive tool?
A psychological phenomenon that is said to exist in multiple cultures, although the phenomenon is not necessarily used to solve the same problem, nor is it equally accessible across cultures.
What is an example of an existential universal psychological phenomenon?
How people deal with failures - become motivated or become less motivated (west).
What is a functional universal psychological phenomenon?
Phenomena that exist in multiple cultures, are used to solve the same problems across cultures, yet are more accessible to people from some cultures than others.
What is an example of a functional universal psychological phenomena?
The punishment of those who act unfairly is universal, but they differ in the amount they are willing to pay to punish the individual.
What is a accessibility universal psychological phenomena?
The psychological phenomena exists in all cultures, is used to solve the same problem across cultures, and is accessible to the same degree across cultures.
What is an example of accessibility universal psychological phenomena?
Social facilitation - the tendency for individuals to do better at well-learned tasks and worse at poorly learned ones in the presence of others.
What are the samples of the majority of psychological studies? (WEIRD)
Western. Educated. Industrialized. Rich. Democratic.
What is ethnocentrism?
Judging people from other cultures by the standards of one’s own culture.
