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Cultural Psychology > Acculturation > Flashcards

Acculturation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the first stage people can experience when moving to a new country?

A

Honeymoon (1-6 months).

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2
Q

What is the second stage people can experience when moving to a new country?

A

Crisis or Culture Shock (6-8 months).

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3
Q

What is the third stage people can experience when moving to a new country?

A

Adjustment (18+ months).

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4
Q

What is the honeymoon stage?

A

Fascination, elation, and optimism. Tend to be content with the novelty of things and get pleasure out of superficial contacts.

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5
Q

What is the crisis or culture shock stage?

A

Anxiety, helplessness, and irritability that one experiences upon moving to a culture that is very different from one’s own.

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6
Q

What is the adjustment stage?

A

A recovery staged characterized by increased language knowledge and ability to function in the new culture.

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7
Q

What is one societal factor that affects how people adjust to a new culture?

A

Homogeneity of the society. E.g. there are few immigrants in Japan and many in the U.S.

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8
Q

Describe the result of the study done by Hsiao-Ying on foreign residents in Japan and their attitude towards Japan and length of stay.

A

Showed L-Curve. Had honeymoon then crisis stage.

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9
Q

People moving to more homogeneous cultures tend to show what kind of curve?

A

An L-shaped curve.

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10
Q

Describe the results of the study done by Babiker and Colleagues on international students at Edinburgh University and cultural distance index and measure of adjustment (2).

A
  1. Positive correlation between cultural distance and anxiety and number of medical consultations. 2. No correlation with academic performance.
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11
Q

Describe the study done by No and Colleagues on identification with ethnic culture when given a existentialist or social constructionist view of race (2).

A
  1. Those given social construct view of race were more likely to identify with American culture. 2. No effect on identification with ethnic culture either way.
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12
Q

What is it called when people have a positive attitude towards host culture and a positive view towards their heritage?

A

Integration.

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13
Q

What is it called when people have a negative attitude towards host culture and a positive view towards their heritage?

A

Separation.

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14
Q

What is it called when people have a positive attitude towards host culture and a negative view towards their heritage?

A

Assimilation.

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15
Q

What is it called when people have a negative attitude towards host culture and a negative view towards their heritage?

A

Marginalization.

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16
Q

What is the most adaptive (least stressful) strategy?

A

Integration.

17
Q

What is the least adaptive (Most stressful) strategy?

A

Marginalization.

18
Q

What is it called when a person of the host culture seeks relationships among groups and wants the maintenance of heritage cultures?

A

Multiculturalism.

19
Q

What is it called when a person of the host culture does not seek relationships among groups, but wants the maintenance of heritage cultures?

A

Segregation.

20
Q

What is it called when a person of the host culture seeks relationships among groups, but does not want the maintenance of heritage cultures?

A

Melting pot.

21
Q

What is it called when a person of the host culture doesn’t seek relationships among groups and doesn’t want the maintenance of heritage cultures?

A

Exclusion.

22
Q

Describe the results of the study done by Plaut and Colleagues on white’s color blindness and multiculturalism ratings and minority’s psychological engagement (2).

A
  1. There is a negative correlation between white’s color blindness and psychological engagement. 2. There’s a positive correlation between white’s multiculturalism and minority’s psychological engagement.
23
Q

Describe the results of the first study done by Heine and Lehman on Japanese students in Canada and Canadian English teachers in Japan and change in self-esteem (2).

A
  1. Japanese in Canada increased in self-esteem. 2. Self-esteem decreased for English teachers who went to Japan.
24
Q

Describe the results of the second study done by Heine and Lehman on 7 different groups (differ in terms of how long they have been in the new culture) and levels of self-esteem (2).

A
  1. Japanese do not acculturate to the self-esteem of a Canadian until the 3rd generation. 2. Supports Blending model.
25
Q

Describe the results of the study done by Hong and colleagues on cultural icons (priming) and attribution of fish behavior (internal vs. external attributions) (2).

A
  1. Chinese priming led to greater confidence in making external attributions. 2. American priming led to least confidence in external attributions.
26
Q

What is a compatible bicultural identity?

A

Integrate both identities and switch identities based on context.

27
Q

What is an oppositional bicultural identity?

A

Perceive two distinct cultural identities.

28
Q

Describe the results of the study done by Benet-Martinex and colleges on cultural icons (priming) and bicultural identity integration and the attribution of fish behavior (3).

A
  1. Compatible biculturals with Chinese priming made more external attributions. 2. No significant difference within oppositional biculturals depending on prime. 3. Less external attributions in Chinese prime when oppositonal biculturals.
29
Q

Describe the implications of the study done by Gardner and colleagues on the pronoun-circling task and the endorsement of individualistic and collectivist values.

A

Monocultural people frame-shift for the collectivist priming.

30
Q

When is one’s level of extroversion related to increased ease of acculturation?

A

When the country is more extroverted.

31
Q

Do people who immigrate to the United States also pick up physical problems such as obesity and heart disease over time?

A

Yes.

32
Q

Describe the results of the study exploring stereotype threat in Native Americans when given a stereotypical portrayal of Native Americans.

A

When given a stereotypical portrayal of Native Americans, they felt less self-confident.

33
Q

What is promotion orientation?

A

Trying to achieve a positive outcome.

34
Q

What is prevention orientation?

A

Trying to avoid a loss.

35
Q

Are Chinese people more likely to have a promotion or a prevention orientation?

A

Prevention Orientation.

36
Q

What is integrative complexity?

A

A willingness and ability to acknowledge and consider different viewpoints on the same issue.

37
Q

Do people who are more multicultural show more integrative complexity?

A

Yes.

Cultural Psychology (15 decks)

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