Acculturation Flashcards
What is the first stage people can experience when moving to a new country?
Honeymoon (1-6 months).
What is the second stage people can experience when moving to a new country?
Crisis or Culture Shock (6-8 months).
What is the third stage people can experience when moving to a new country?
Adjustment (18+ months).
What is the honeymoon stage?
Fascination, elation, and optimism. Tend to be content with the novelty of things and get pleasure out of superficial contacts.
What is the crisis or culture shock stage?
Anxiety, helplessness, and irritability that one experiences upon moving to a culture that is very different from one’s own.
What is the adjustment stage?
A recovery staged characterized by increased language knowledge and ability to function in the new culture.
What is one societal factor that affects how people adjust to a new culture?
Homogeneity of the society. E.g. there are few immigrants in Japan and many in the U.S.
Describe the result of the study done by Hsiao-Ying on foreign residents in Japan and their attitude towards Japan and length of stay.
Showed L-Curve. Had honeymoon then crisis stage.
People moving to more homogeneous cultures tend to show what kind of curve?
An L-shaped curve.
Describe the results of the study done by Babiker and Colleagues on international students at Edinburgh University and cultural distance index and measure of adjustment (2).
- Positive correlation between cultural distance and anxiety and number of medical consultations. 2. No correlation with academic performance.
Describe the study done by No and Colleagues on identification with ethnic culture when given a existentialist or social constructionist view of race (2).
- Those given social construct view of race were more likely to identify with American culture. 2. No effect on identification with ethnic culture either way.
What is it called when people have a positive attitude towards host culture and a positive view towards their heritage?
Integration.
What is it called when people have a negative attitude towards host culture and a positive view towards their heritage?
Separation.
What is it called when people have a positive attitude towards host culture and a negative view towards their heritage?
Assimilation.
What is it called when people have a negative attitude towards host culture and a negative view towards their heritage?
Marginalization.
What is the most adaptive (least stressful) strategy?
Integration.
What is the least adaptive (Most stressful) strategy?
Marginalization.
What is it called when a person of the host culture seeks relationships among groups and wants the maintenance of heritage cultures?
Multiculturalism.
What is it called when a person of the host culture does not seek relationships among groups, but wants the maintenance of heritage cultures?
Segregation.
What is it called when a person of the host culture seeks relationships among groups, but does not want the maintenance of heritage cultures?
Melting pot.
What is it called when a person of the host culture doesn’t seek relationships among groups and doesn’t want the maintenance of heritage cultures?
Exclusion.
Describe the results of the study done by Plaut and Colleagues on white’s color blindness and multiculturalism ratings and minority’s psychological engagement (2).
- There is a negative correlation between white’s color blindness and psychological engagement. 2. There’s a positive correlation between white’s multiculturalism and minority’s psychological engagement.
Describe the results of the first study done by Heine and Lehman on Japanese students in Canada and Canadian English teachers in Japan and change in self-esteem (2).
- Japanese in Canada increased in self-esteem. 2. Self-esteem decreased for English teachers who went to Japan.
Describe the results of the second study done by Heine and Lehman on 7 different groups (differ in terms of how long they have been in the new culture) and levels of self-esteem (2).
- Japanese do not acculturate to the self-esteem of a Canadian until the 3rd generation. 2. Supports Blending model.
Describe the results of the study done by Hong and colleagues on cultural icons (priming) and attribution of fish behavior (internal vs. external attributions) (2).
- Chinese priming led to greater confidence in making external attributions. 2. American priming led to least confidence in external attributions.
What is a compatible bicultural identity?
Integrate both identities and switch identities based on context.
What is an oppositional bicultural identity?
Perceive two distinct cultural identities.
Describe the results of the study done by Benet-Martinex and colleges on cultural icons (priming) and bicultural identity integration and the attribution of fish behavior (3).
- Compatible biculturals with Chinese priming made more external attributions. 2. No significant difference within oppositional biculturals depending on prime. 3. Less external attributions in Chinese prime when oppositonal biculturals.
Describe the implications of the study done by Gardner and colleagues on the pronoun-circling task and the endorsement of individualistic and collectivist values.
Monocultural people frame-shift for the collectivist priming.
When is one’s level of extroversion related to increased ease of acculturation?
When the country is more extroverted.
Do people who immigrate to the United States also pick up physical problems such as obesity and heart disease over time?
Yes.
Describe the results of the study exploring stereotype threat in Native Americans when given a stereotypical portrayal of Native Americans.
When given a stereotypical portrayal of Native Americans, they felt less self-confident.
What is promotion orientation?
Trying to achieve a positive outcome.
What is prevention orientation?
Trying to avoid a loss.
Are Chinese people more likely to have a promotion or a prevention orientation?
Prevention Orientation.
What is integrative complexity?
A willingness and ability to acknowledge and consider different viewpoints on the same issue.
Do people who are more multicultural show more integrative complexity?
Yes.
