Chapter 9: Cognition and Perception

Question 1

Describe the results of the study done by Masuda and Nisbett on Japanese and Americans attention to detail with the fish background. (3)

Answer 1

1. Americans made more statements about focal fish. 2. More Japanese made statements about field. 3. Overall, both talked equally about focal fish, Japanese talked more about background.

Question 2

Describe the results of the second task of the study done by Masuda and Nisbett on Japanese and Americans attention to detail with the fish background. (2)

Answer 2

1. Americans were equally accurate with original or novel background. 2. Japanese were more accurate with original background.

Question 3

Describe the study done by Morris and Peng regarding the contend coding of newspapers and their explanations for gun violence. (2)

Answer 3

1. U.S. newspapers referenced disposition attributes more than Chinese. 2. U.S. made more disposition than external attributes (fundamental attribution error).

Question 4

Describe the results of the study done by Ji and Colleagues on the differences between Chinese and Americans on the categorization task. (2)

Answer 4

1. EAs made more categorical groupings. 2. Chinese made more relational groupings.

Question 5

What culture expresses analytic thought? Which one is holistic thought?

Answer 5

Western Culture. Eastern Culture.

Question 6

Which type of thought goes with the laws of non-contradiction?

Answer 6

Analytical.

Question 7

Describe Ancient Greek Social Structure. (3)

Answer 7

1. Sense of personal agency. 2. Tradition of debate. 3. Sense of curiosity and development of science.

Question 8

Describe Ancient Chinese Social Structure. (3)

Answer 8

1. Sense of reciprocal social obligations. 2. Value of harmony. 3. Practical technology.

Question 9

Describe the results of the study done by Kitayama and colleagues on attribution judgement and voluntary settlement.

Answer 9

1. U.S. made more dispositional attributions. 2. Japanese equally likely to make either attribution. 3. Hokkaido Japanese make more disposition attributions.

Question 10

Dispositional attributions go with what type of thinking?

Answer 10

Analytical thinking.

Question 11

Describe the results of the first study done by Miyamoto and colleagues on Japanese and American scenery and the number of objects.

Answer 11

Japanese scene were more complex.

Question 12

Describe the results of the first study done by Miyamoto and colleagues on exposure to Japanese and American scenery and the change blindness task. (2)

Answer 12

1. Japanese found more contextual changes than Americans. No differences in focal changes. 2. Participants exposed to Japanese scenery will detect a larger number of changes in contextual info than those exposed to American scenes.