Chapter 11: Relationships Flashcards
Is complexion a universal standard of attractiveness?
Yes, the less blemished, the generally more attractive the person is.
Is bilateral symmetry a standard of universal attraction?
Yes, we are most attracted to people whose left sides of their faces and bodies look identical to their right side.
Where is the evidence for bilateral symmetry being a standard of attraction most prominent?
In hunter-gatherer societies.
Are average features a standard of universal attraction?
Yes.
What were the results of the study conducted by Rhodes and colleagues on attractiveness rating within and between cultures?
Those with average faces were found to be the most attractive regardless of racial background.
What did Rhodes and colleagues (2005) find out about multiracial faces and attractiveness?
Multiracial faces may be seen as so attractive because people are attracted to genetic diversity as a marker of healthy genes.
What is the propinquity effect?
People are more likely to become friends with people they frequently interact with.
Describe the Segal, 1974 study on friends in police academy students. What were the results?
They were more likely to become friends with people who they were near alphabetically.
Why does the propinquity effect work?
Because of the mere exposure effect.
What is the mere exposure effect?
The more we are exposed to a stimulus, the more we become attracted to it.
What is the similarity-attraction effect?
People tend to be attracted to those who are most like themselves.
Describe the results found by Zajonc, 2005 about how the similarity-attraction effect works.
The attraction to frequently encountered stimuli appears to be due to the pleasant associations developed through classical conditioning, when one learns that a stimulus is not threatening.
What is equality matching?
A relational structure based on the idea of balance and reciprocity.
What were the main results of the study conducted by Heine and Renshwaw in 2002 on attraction to close people in Japanese and Americans?
Japanese and Americans appear to be equally likely to come to like those people with whom they interact most frequently.
Describe the study conducted by Heine and colleagues on similarity attraction effect.
Japanese and American ps came into lab and met a stranger of the same sex and nationality. Then they went into separate rooms and completed either a personality measure or a measure of their social background. Next, they were shown the personality or social background of the stranger which were made to be similar to the ps. They then were asked how much they’d like the stranger.
Describe the results of the study conducted by Heine and colleagues on similarity attraction effect. (3)
- Canadians showed evidence of the similarity attraction effect. They liked the highly similar person more than the dissimilar one. 2. The Japanese did not differ their like of the stranger based on their similarity. 3. The results were independent of whether ps found out about the stranger’s personality or social background.
What is relational mobility?
The ability to move between relationships.
Describe the results of the study conducted by Schug and her colleagues on relational mobility in American and Japanese undergrads. (2)
- Americans were more attracted to similarity and felt they had more opportunities for forming new relationships than the Japanese did. 2. Since being attractive to others is more important in a high relational mobility context, people come to attend more to features that make someone more attractive, such as how similar they are.
Are more attractive people in America more satisfied? How about in Ghana?
- Yes, because there is high relational mobility in the U.S. 2. No, because they have low relational mobility.
