CHAPTER ELEVEN

Question 1

World Health Organisation priorities

Answer 1

• Achieving universal health coverage – 1 billion more people benefitting from universal health coverage
• Addressing health emergencies – 1 billion more people protected from health emergencies
• Promoting healthier populations – 1 billion more people enjoying better health and wellbeing

Question 2

achieving universal health coverage

Answer 2

• service access and quality
  
  • removing barriers to health services
  • improving health systems
• health workforce
  
  • support the education and employment of sufficient health workers globally
• access to medicines, vaccines and health products
  
  • improved access to affordable and quality medicines, vaccines and health products
• governance and finance
  
  • strengthening governance in health
• health information systems
  
  • support to monitor health risks and track health status
• advocacy
  
  • raise global awareness of UHC
  • advocate for investment in health systems
• country support
  
  • support and partner countries to implement health approaches and emergencies coordination

Question 3

addressing health emergencies

Answer 3

• building and sustaining resilient national, regional and global capacities required to keep the world safe from epidemics and other health emergencies
  
  • supporting countries to increase their capacity in health emergencies (detection, early warning, preparedness, response and recovery
  • implementation of the IHR
• ensuring that populations affected by emergencies have rapid access to essential life-saving health services, including health promotion and disease prevention
  
  • serve the most vulnerable populations impacted by health emergencies
  • ensure lifesaving health services

Question 4

promoting healthier populations

Answer 4

• improving human capital across the life course
  
  • special focus on women, children and adolescents and critical stages: family planning, pregnancy and childbirth
• accelerating action on preventing noncommunicable diseases and promoting mental health
  
  • support to implement prevention strategies for NCDs, mental health and causes of injury
  • Combining prevention with equitable access for effective treatment
  • increased access to treatment
  • cost-effective interventions
• accelerating elimination and eradication of high impact communicable diseases
  
  • support countries’ elimination efforts for preventable and treatable communicable diseases
• tackling antimicrobial resistance
  
  • increase awareness and understanding of antibiotic use
  • promote research into addressing
    antimicrobial resistance
• addressing health effects of climate change in small island developing states and other vulnerable states
  
  • support building of resilient
    health systems for small island
    developing states

Question 5

types of aid

Answer 5

• emergency aid
• bilateral aid
• multilateral aid

Question 6

emergency aid

Answer 6

• rapid assistance given to people or countries in immediate distress to relieve suffering, during and after human-made emergencies (such as wars) and natural disasters (such as a flood, tsunami or earthquake); can also be called ‘humanitarian aid’
• purpose: provide immediate relief in the area to effectively address the needs of those affected
• provisions:
  
  • food
  • clean water
  • temporary shelter
  • medicine
  • sanitation
  • medical and emergency personnel

Question 7

bilateral aid

Answer 7

• where aid is given by the government of one country directly to the government of another country. An example of bilateral aid is when Australia provides aid to East Timor.
• purpose:
  
  • meet the needs of the country and its people
  • build relationships between countries (may be given for political or strategic reasons)
  • promote health and wellbeing, sustainable economic growth and prosperity
• characteristics:
  
  • longterm assistance
  • focused on development
  • provision of

Question 8

multilateral aid

Answer 8

• where aid is provided through international organisations (such as the WHO, UN or the World Bank) to a country such as Syria. Multilateral aid combines donations from a number of high-income countries and distributes them to recipients, usually middle- or low-income countries.