Chapter Eight Flashcards
What are the four common characteristics of motor skills?
- There is a goal to achieve
- Performed voluntarily
- Body and limb movement
- Need to be learned
What are the 3 classifications of the one dimensional motor skills?
- Size of musculature
- Distinctiveness of the movements
- Stability of the environment
What are gross motor skills?
Associated with the size of musculature that involves large muscles, and the precision of the movement is not important; smooth coordination of muscles is essential (running)
What are fine motor skills?
Associated with the size of musculature that requires control of small muscles to achieve a goal and usually involves a high degrees of precision of movement and hand eye coordination (sewing)
What is the distinctiveness of the movements
Defining beginning and end points of movement through discrete motor skills, serial motor skills, and continuous motor skills
What are discrete motor skills?
Clearly defined beginning and end points (throwing a dart)
What are serial motor skills?
A series of discrete motor skills performed in specific order (dance routine)
What are continuous motor skills?
No obvious beginning and endpoints (jogging)
What are closed motor skills?
Associated with the stability of the environment where the task is performed in a stable and predictable environment (tennis serve)
What are open motor skills?
Associated with the stability of the environment where the task being performed is in a continuously changing and unpredictable environment (tennis rally)
What are the two ways to measure motor skills?
- Performance outcome measures
- Performance process measures
What are performance outcome measures?
Measures the outcome or result of performing a motor skill. Common measures include reaction time, movement time, and amount of error
What are the performance process measures?
Measures how aspects of the motor control system function during the performance of action. Common measures include kinematics. Electromyography, kinetics, and coordination
What is reaction time?
The time interval between the presentation of a signal and the initiation of a movement through simple reaction time, choice reaction time, and discrimination reaction time
What are the two parts of reaction time?
- Premotor time: time between the signal and first change of EMG activity in the muscle
- Motor time: time between first muscle EMG activity and observable movement
