Chapter 9.5

Question 1

What are the two mechanisms by which certain cells can oxidize organic fuel and generate ATP without the use of O2?

Answer 1

1. Anaerobic respiration
2. Fermentation

Question 2

What is the difference between anaerobic respiration and fermentation?

Answer 2

Anaerobic respiration: Electron transport chain is used.

Fermentation: Electron transport chain is not used.

Question 3

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 3

The electron transport chain uses other substances to serve as final electron acceptors instead of O2.

Question 4

Fermentation

Answer 4

A way of harvesting chemical energy without using either O2 or an electron transport chain – without cellular respiration.

Question 5

What is the purpose of fermentation?

Answer 5

Regenerate NAD+ (oxidized) from NADH (reduced) so glycolysis can continue.

Question 6

Alcohol Fermentation

Answer 6

Pyruvate is converted to ethanol and releases carbon dioxide.

Question 7

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Answer 7

Pyruvate is reduced to tactate (lactic acid) and no carbon dioxide is released.