Chapter 13.2 Flashcards
Life Cycle
The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.
Karyotype
An ordered display of the pairs of chromosomes in a cell.
An individual’s complete set of chromosomes.
Homologous Chromosomes/Homologs
The two chromosomes of a pair that have the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern.
A pair of one maternal chromosome and one paternal chromosome.
Sex Chromosomes
X and Y chromosomes
What are the female sex chromosomes and the male sex chromosomes?
Female: homologous pair of X chromosomes (XX)
Male: one X and one Y chromosome (XY)
Autosomes
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
How many autosomes are there?
22
What does n represent?
The number of chromosomes in a single set.
Diploid Cell
Cells that contain two sets of chromosomes.
What is the diploid number in humans?
46 (2n = 46)
After DNA synthesis, each chromosome is replicated. Each replicated chromosome consists of what?
Two identical sister chromatids.
Haploid Cells
Cells that contain a single set of chromosomes.
What is the haploid number in humans?
23 (n = 23)
What does the set of 23 chromosomes in a gamete consist of?
22 autosomes and a sex chromosome.
- An unfertilized egg contains an X.
- A sperm contains either an X or Y.
Fertilization
The combination of gametes.
