Chapter 9 (Vocabulary) Flashcards
The removal of a body part or the destruction of its functions.
ablation
The absence of urine formation by the kidneys.
anuria
An abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland.
benign prostatic hyperplasia
The progressive loss of renal function over months or years. This common condition, which can be life-threatening, may result from diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or a family history of kidney disease.
chronic kidney disease (CKD), aka chronic renal disease or kidney failure [Buildup of waste in the blood from chronic kidney disease can be a contributing factor in heart attacks and strokes].
Inflammation of the bladder.
cystitis
A hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall; also called a prolapsed bladder.
cystocele
A stone located in the urinary bladder.
cystolith
The surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall.
cystopexy
The visual examination of the urinary bladder using a …?
cystoscopy, (cysto)
A procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function.
dialysis
The increased output of urine.
diuresis
The final stage of chronic kidney disease that is fatal unless the functions of the failed kidneys are successfully replaced by dialysis or with a successful kidney transplant.
end-stage renal disease, (ESRD)
The involuntary discharge of urine.
enuresis
A congenital abnormality affecting the opening of the urethral opening. In the male, the opening is located on the upper surface of the penis. In the female, the urethral opening is located in the region of the clitoris.
epispadias
The use of high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel to break up kidney stones into fragments, which are then excreted in the urine.
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
A form of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine.
glomerulonephritis
A procedure that filters waste products directly from the patient’s blood to replace the functions of damaged kidneys.
hemodialysis
The dilation of one or both kidneys that is the result of an obstruction of the flow of urine. This condition can be caused by problems associated with the backing up of urine due to an obstruction such as nephrolith (kidney stone) or stricture (narrowing) in the ureter.
hydronephrosis
Distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked.
hydroureter
The presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine.
hyperproteinuria
The presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood.
hypoproteinemia [This condition is often associated with hyperproteinuria.]
A congenital abnormality in the placement of the urethral opening. In the male, the urethral opening is on the under surface of the penis. In the female, the urethral opening is into the vagina.
hypospadias
The inability to control the excretion of urine and/or feces.
incontinence
A chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder.
interstitial cystitis