Chapter 14 (Female Diagnostic Procedures) Flashcards

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1
Q

The direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina. This examination is preferred using a binocular magnifier known as a ?

A

colposcopy

colposcope

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2
Q

A small amount of the tissue from the lining of the uterus is removed for microscopic examination. This test is most often used to determine the cause of abnormal vaginal bleeding.

A

endometrial biopsy

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3
Q

Is preformed to determine the cause of abnormal vaginal bleeding. This test is performed by placing an ultrasound transducer in the vagina so that the sound waves can create images of the uterus and ovaries.

A

endovaginal ultrasound

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4
Q

A radiographic examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes. This test requires the instillation of radio-opaque contrast material into the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes to make them visible.

A

hysterosalpingography

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5
Q

Is the direct visual examination of the interior of the uterus and fallopian tubes.

A

hysteroscopy (This examination is performed by using the magnification of a hysteroscope.)

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6
Q

An exfoliative biopsy of the cervix. It is performed to detect conditions that can be early indicators of cervical cancer. As used here, exfoliative means that the cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope.

A

pap smear [A speculum is used to enlarge the opening of the vagina during the examination of the cervix and vagina.]

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7
Q

Is performed to detect an unusually high level of the human chorionic gonadotropin (HGC) hormone in either a blood or urine specimen, which is usually an indication of pregnancy.

A

pregnancy test (home pregnancy test is urine and at doctor’s office is based on a blood specimen.)

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8
Q

A noninvasive procedure used to image and evaluate fetal development during pregnancy.

A

fetal ultrasound

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9
Q

Aka as combined screening, is performed btw 11-13 weeks of pregnancy and involves an ultrasound and a fingerstick blood test. The combined results of these two measurements, plus the mother’s age, detect if the fetus is at increased risk for Down Syndrome.

A

first trimester screening

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10
Q

The examination of cells retrieved from the minute, vascular projections on the chorion. This test is performed btw the 8th & 10th weeks of pregnancy to search for genetic abnormalities in the developing fetus.

A

chorionic villus sampling [chorionic ville are minute, vascular projections on the chorion.]

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11
Q

A surgical puncture with a needle to obtain a specimen of amniotic fluid. This specimen is usually obtained after the 14th week of pregnancy, is used to evaluate fetal health and to diagnose certain congenial disorders.

A

amniocentesis

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12
Q

A radiographic study to measure the dimensions of the pelvis to evaluate its capacity to allow passage of the fetus through the birth canal.

A

pelvimetry

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13
Q

Is a measure taken to lessen the likelihood of pregnancy.

A

contraceptive

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14
Q

A barrier contraceptive that prevents sperm from reaching and fertilizing the egg.

A

diaphram

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15
Q

A molded plastic contraceptive inserted through the cervix into the uterus to prevent pregnancy.

A

intrauterine device (IUD)

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16
Q

The use of the female hormones estrogen and progestin to replace those the body no longer produces during and after perimenopause.

A

Hormone replacement therapy. (HRT)

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17
Q

The surgical removal of one or both ovaries. If both ovaries are removed in a premenopausal woman, the patient experiences surgical menopause.

A

oophorectomy, aka ovariectomy

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18
Q

The surgical removal of one or both fallopian tubes.

A

salpingectomy

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19
Q

The surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary.

A

salpingo-oophorectomy [A bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the removal of both of the fallopian tubes and ovaries.]

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20
Q

A surgical sterilization procedure in which the fallopian tubes are sealed or cut to prevent sperm from reaching a mature ovum.

A

tubal ligation

21
Q

Aka vaginofixation, is the surgical fixation of a prolapsed vagina to a surrounding structure such as the abdominal wall.

A

colpopexy

22
Q

Aka a cone biopsy, is the surgical removal of a cone-shaped specimen of tissue from the cervix. This is preformed as a diagnostic procedure or to remove abnormal tissue.

A

conization

23
Q

The surgical suturing of a tear in the vagina.

A

colporrhaphy

24
Q

A surgical procedure in which the cervix is dilated andn the endometrium of the uterus is scraped away. This can be preformed as a diagnostic or a treatment procedure.

A

dilation and curettage, commonly known as a D&C.

25
Q

The surgical removal of uterine fibroids.

A

myomectomy

26
Q

The surgical removal of the uterus. The procedure is further described depending upon the structures that are removed.

A

hysterectomy

27
Q

Type of hysterectomy where the uterus and cervix are removed.

A

total hysterectomy

28
Q

Type of hysterectomy where the uterus and cervix are removed. Procedure is performed thru the vagina or laparoscopically thru the abdomen.

A

total hysterectomy, aka complete hysterectomy

29
Q

Type of hysterectomy where the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and cervix plus nearby lymph nodes are removed. Commonly performed to treat uterine cancer.

A

radical hysterectomy, aka bilateral hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy

30
Q

Type of hysterectomy where the uterus is removed and the cervix is left in place.

A

partial or subtotal hysterectomy

31
Q

A general term for a cosmetic operation on the breasts.

A

mammoplasty (also spelled mammaplasty)

32
Q

Performed to increase breast size.

A

breast augmentation

33
Q

Mammoplasty performed to decrease or reshape excessively large, heavy breast.

A

breast reduction

34
Q

Aka breast lift, is a mammoplasty to affix sagging breasts in a more elevated position.

A

mastopexy

35
Q

The delivery of the child through an incision in the maternal abdominal and uterine walls. This is usually performed when a vaginal birth would be unsafe for either the mother or baby.

A

cesarean section

36
Q

Acronym used to describe vaginal birth after a cesarean.

A

VBAC

37
Q

A surgical incision made into the perineum to enlarge the vaginal orifice to prevent tearing of the tissues as the infant moves out of the birth canal.

A

episiotomy

38
Q

The surgical suturing to repair an episiotomy.

A

episiorrhaphy

39
Q

An apparatus for maintaining an environment of controlled temperature, humidity, and oxygen concentration for a premature or ill newborn.

A

incubator

40
Q

Describes the technique used to aid an infertile couple in achieving a viable pregnancy.

A

assisted reproductive technology

41
Q

A technique in which sperm from a woman’s partner or from a donor are introduced into the vagina or uterus during the ovulatory phase of her menstrual cycle.

A

artificial insemination, aka intrauterine insemination (IUI)

42
Q

A procedure in which mature ova are removed from the mother to be fertilized. The resulting embryos are transferred into the uterus with the hope that they will implant and continue to develop as in a normal pregnancy.

A

In vitro fertilization (In vitro means artificial environment such as a test tube.)

43
Q

Describes the technique used to aid an infertile couple in achieving a viable pregnancy.

A

assisted reproductive technology (ART)

44
Q

When eggs of a woman and sperm of her partner are implanted into another woman’s uterus. An option for a woman with ovaries but no uterus.

A

gestational carrier

45
Q

A woman who volunteers to be inseminated with the sperm of a man who is not her partner in order to conceive and carry a child for the man and his partner.

A

surrogate

46
Q

Term applied to women in their late 30’s to late 40’s. As one of these women age, the possibility of her becoming pregnant decreases.

A

advanced maternal age (AMA)

47
Q

A surgical puncture with a needle to obtain a specimen of amniotic fluid. This specimen is usually obtained after the 14th week of pregnancy, is used to evaluate fetal health and to diagnose certain congenial disorders.

A

amniocentesis (AMN)

48
Q

The delivery of the child through an incision in the maternal abdominal and uterine walls. This is usually performed when a vaginal birth would be unsafe for either the mother or baby.

A

cesarean section (CS)