Chapter 14 (Female Diagnostic Procedures)

Question 1

The direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina. This examination is preferred using a binocular magnifier known as a ?

Answer 1

colposcopy

colposcope

Question 2

A small amount of the tissue from the lining of the uterus is removed for microscopic examination. This test is most often used to determine the cause of abnormal vaginal bleeding.

Answer 2

endometrial biopsy

Question 3

Is preformed to determine the cause of abnormal vaginal bleeding. This test is performed by placing an ultrasound transducer in the vagina so that the sound waves can create images of the uterus and ovaries.

Answer 3

endovaginal ultrasound

Question 4

A radiographic examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes. This test requires the instillation of radio-opaque contrast material into the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes to make them visible.

Answer 4

hysterosalpingography

Question 5

Is the direct visual examination of the interior of the uterus and fallopian tubes.

Answer 5

hysteroscopy (This examination is performed by using the magnification of a hysteroscope.)

Question 6

An exfoliative biopsy of the cervix. It is performed to detect conditions that can be early indicators of cervical cancer. As used here, exfoliative means that the cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope.

Answer 6

pap smear [A speculum is used to enlarge the opening of the vagina during the examination of the cervix and vagina.]

Question 7

Is performed to detect an unusually high level of the human chorionic gonadotropin (HGC) hormone in either a blood or urine specimen, which is usually an indication of pregnancy.

Answer 7

pregnancy test (home pregnancy test is urine and at doctor’s office is based on a blood specimen.)

Question 8

A noninvasive procedure used to image and evaluate fetal development during pregnancy.

Answer 8

fetal ultrasound

Question 9

Aka as combined screening, is performed btw 11-13 weeks of pregnancy and involves an ultrasound and a fingerstick blood test. The combined results of these two measurements, plus the mother’s age, detect if the fetus is at increased risk for Down Syndrome.

Answer 9

first trimester screening

Question 10

The examination of cells retrieved from the minute, vascular projections on the chorion. This test is performed btw the 8th & 10th weeks of pregnancy to search for genetic abnormalities in the developing fetus.

Answer 10

chorionic villus sampling [chorionic ville are minute, vascular projections on the chorion.]

Question 11

A surgical puncture with a needle to obtain a specimen of amniotic fluid. This specimen is usually obtained after the 14th week of pregnancy, is used to evaluate fetal health and to diagnose certain congenial disorders.

Answer 11

amniocentesis

Question 12

A radiographic study to measure the dimensions of the pelvis to evaluate its capacity to allow passage of the fetus through the birth canal.

Answer 12

pelvimetry

Question 13

Is a measure taken to lessen the likelihood of pregnancy.

Answer 13

contraceptive

Question 14

A barrier contraceptive that prevents sperm from reaching and fertilizing the egg.

Answer 14

diaphram

Question 15

A molded plastic contraceptive inserted through the cervix into the uterus to prevent pregnancy.

Answer 15

intrauterine device (IUD)

Question 16

The use of the female hormones estrogen and progestin to replace those the body no longer produces during and after perimenopause.

Answer 16

Hormone replacement therapy. (HRT)

Question 17

The surgical removal of one or both ovaries. If both ovaries are removed in a premenopausal woman, the patient experiences surgical menopause.

Answer 17

oophorectomy, aka ovariectomy

Question 18

The surgical removal of one or both fallopian tubes.

Answer 18

salpingectomy

Question 19

The surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary.

Answer 19

salpingo-oophorectomy [A bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the removal of both of the fallopian tubes and ovaries.]

Question 20

A surgical sterilization procedure in which the fallopian tubes are sealed or cut to prevent sperm from reaching a mature ovum.

Answer 20

tubal ligation

Question 21

Aka vaginofixation, is the surgical fixation of a prolapsed vagina to a surrounding structure such as the abdominal wall.

Answer 21

colpopexy

Question 22

Aka a cone biopsy, is the surgical removal of a cone-shaped specimen of tissue from the cervix. This is preformed as a diagnostic procedure or to remove abnormal tissue.

Answer 22

conization

Question 23

The surgical suturing of a tear in the vagina.

Answer 23

colporrhaphy

Question 24

A surgical procedure in which the cervix is dilated andn the endometrium of the uterus is scraped away. This can be preformed as a diagnostic or a treatment procedure.

Answer 24

dilation and curettage, commonly known as a D&C.

Question 25

The surgical removal of uterine fibroids.

Answer 25

myomectomy

Question 26

The surgical removal of the uterus. The procedure is further described depending upon the structures that are removed.

Answer 26

hysterectomy

Question 27

Type of hysterectomy where the uterus and cervix are removed.

Answer 27

total hysterectomy

Question 28

Type of hysterectomy where the uterus and cervix are removed. Procedure is performed thru the vagina or laparoscopically thru the abdomen.

Answer 28

total hysterectomy, aka complete hysterectomy

Question 29

Type of hysterectomy where the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and cervix plus nearby lymph nodes are removed. Commonly performed to treat uterine cancer.

Answer 29

radical hysterectomy, aka bilateral hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy

Question 30

Type of hysterectomy where the uterus is removed and the cervix is left in place.

Answer 30

partial or subtotal hysterectomy

Question 31

A general term for a cosmetic operation on the breasts.

Answer 31

mammoplasty (also spelled mammaplasty)

Question 32

Performed to increase breast size.

Answer 32

breast augmentation

Question 33

Mammoplasty performed to decrease or reshape excessively large, heavy breast.

Answer 33

breast reduction

Question 34

Aka breast lift, is a mammoplasty to affix sagging breasts in a more elevated position.

Answer 34

mastopexy

Question 35

The delivery of the child through an incision in the maternal abdominal and uterine walls. This is usually performed when a vaginal birth would be unsafe for either the mother or baby.

Answer 35

cesarean section

Question 36

Acronym used to describe vaginal birth after a cesarean.

Answer 36

VBAC

Question 37

A surgical incision made into the perineum to enlarge the vaginal orifice to prevent tearing of the tissues as the infant moves out of the birth canal.

Answer 37

episiotomy

Question 38

The surgical suturing to repair an episiotomy.

Answer 38

episiorrhaphy

Question 39

An apparatus for maintaining an environment of controlled temperature, humidity, and oxygen concentration for a premature or ill newborn.

Answer 39

incubator

Question 40

Describes the technique used to aid an infertile couple in achieving a viable pregnancy.

Answer 40

assisted reproductive technology

Question 41

A technique in which sperm from a woman’s partner or from a donor are introduced into the vagina or uterus during the ovulatory phase of her menstrual cycle.

Answer 41

artificial insemination, aka intrauterine insemination (IUI)

Question 42

A procedure in which mature ova are removed from the mother to be fertilized. The resulting embryos are transferred into the uterus with the hope that they will implant and continue to develop as in a normal pregnancy.

Answer 42

In vitro fertilization (In vitro means artificial environment such as a test tube.)

Question 43

Describes the technique used to aid an infertile couple in achieving a viable pregnancy.

Answer 43

assisted reproductive technology (ART)

Question 44

When eggs of a woman and sperm of her partner are implanted into another woman’s uterus. An option for a woman with ovaries but no uterus.

Answer 44

gestational carrier

Question 45

A woman who volunteers to be inseminated with the sperm of a man who is not her partner in order to conceive and carry a child for the man and his partner.

Answer 45

surrogate

Question 46

Term applied to women in their late 30’s to late 40’s. As one of these women age, the possibility of her becoming pregnant decreases.

Answer 46

advanced maternal age (AMA)

Question 47

A surgical puncture with a needle to obtain a specimen of amniotic fluid. This specimen is usually obtained after the 14th week of pregnancy, is used to evaluate fetal health and to diagnose certain congenial disorders.

Answer 47

amniocentesis (AMN)

Question 48

The delivery of the child through an incision in the maternal abdominal and uterine walls. This is usually performed when a vaginal birth would be unsafe for either the mother or baby.

Answer 48

cesarean section (CS)