Chapter 10 Mental Health

Question 1

Mental conditions characterized by excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations, or fear that is out of proportion to the real danger in a situation.

Answer 1

anxiety disorder [Without treatment, an anxiety disorder can become chronic.]

Question 2

A mental condition characterized by chronic, excessive worrying. Physical symptoms associated with this condition include muscle tension, sleep disturbances, irritability, trouble concentrating and restlessness.

Answer 2

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Question 3

A mental condition characterized by obsessions and /or compulsions.

Answer 3

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 4

A condition characterized by having more than one panic attack, resulting in persistent fear of attacks. This can cause people to develop agoraphobia or other phobias.

Answer 4

panic disorder

Question 5

An unexpected, sudden experience of fear in the absence of danger, accompanied by physical symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain/tightness, dizziness, sweating, nausea, feelings of unreality, choking sensations, or a combination of these. It is simply unneeded activation of the body’s fight-or-flight response.

Answer 5

panic attack

Question 6

The development of characteristic symptoms after a major traumatic event. Symptoms include emotional numbing, hyperarousal, anxiety, sleep disorders & persistent reliving of the event.

Answer 6

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Question 7

A persistent irrational fear of a specific thing or situation strong enough to cause significant distress, interfere with functioning, and lead to avoidance of the thing or situation that causes this reaction.

Answer 7

phobia

Question 8

Excessive fear of heights.

Answer 8

acrophobia

Question 9

An excessive fear of environments where the person fears a panic attack might occur.

Answer 9

agoraphobia

Question 10

Abnormal fear of being in small or enclosed spaces.

Answer 10

claustrophobia

Question 11

Excessive fear of social situations where the person fears negative evaluation by others or embarrassing himself in front of others.

Answer 11

social phobia

Question 12

A condition characterized by a short attention span and impulsive behavior inappropriate for the child’s developmental age.

Answer 12

attention deficit /hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Question 13

A learning disability characterized by substandard reading achievement due to the inability of the brain to process symbols.

Answer 13

dyslexia

Question 14

Disorders found in children of normal intelligence who have difficulties in learning specific skills such as processing language or grasping mathematical concepts.

Answer 14

learning disabilities

Question 15

Significant below-average intellectual & adaptive functioning present from birth or early infancy.

Answer 15

mental retardation/intellectual disability (intellectual disability is gradually replacing the use of the term mental retardation)

Question 16

A group of conditions in which a young child has difficulty developing normal social relationships and communication skills, may compulsively follow repetitive routines, and has narrowly focused, intense interests that are sometimes unusual.

Answer 16

autistic spectrum disorders

Question 17

A subgroup of autistic spectrum disorders. Children with this disorder have significant developmental delays, including speech and language. Most have very minimal verbal skills and lack normal social relationships.

Answer 17

autism

Question 18

A subgroup of the autism disorders spectrum. Individuals with this disorder usually have normal or above-average intelligence but are impaired in social interactions and nonverbal communication.

Answer 18

Asperger’s syndrome

Question 19

Conditions that occur when normal thought is separated from consciousness.

Answer 19

dissociative disorders

Question 20

A mental illness characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personalities, each with its own characteristics, which appear to exist within the same individual.

Answer 20

dissociative identity disorder

Question 21

A condition in which a person acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when he or she is not really sick.

Answer 21

factitious disorder

Question 22

A form of child abuse in which the mentally ill parent will falsify an illness in a child by making up or inducing symptoms and then seeking medical treatment, even surgery, for the child.

Answer 22

factitious disorder by proxy

Question 23

A group of psychiatric disorders characterized by failure to resist an impulse despite potential negative consequences. Examples include compulsive shopping and gambling.

Answer 23

impulse control disorders

Question 24

A disorder characterized by repeatedly stealing objects neither for personal use nor for their monetary value.

Answer 24

kleptomania [type of impulse control disorder]

Question 25

A disorder characterized by repeated, deliberate fire setting.

Answer 25

pyromania [type of impulse control disorder]

Question 26

A disorder characterized by the repeated pulling out of one’s own hair.

Answer 26

trichotillomania [type of impulse control disorder]

Question 27

A mental condition characterized by cycles of severe mood changes shifting from highs and severe lows.

Answer 27

bipolar disorder

Question 28

An abnormally elevated mood state, including inappropriate elation, increased irritability, severe insomnia, poor judgement, and inappropriate social behavior.

Answer 28

manic behavior

Question 29

A common mood disorder characterized by lethargy and sadness, as well as loss of interest or pleasure in normal activities.

Answer 29

depression

Question 30

A low-grade chronic depression present on a majority of days for more than two years.

Answer 30

dysthymia, aka dysthymic disorder

Question 31

A seasonal bout of depression associated with decrease in hours of daylight during winter months.

Answer 31

seasonal affective disorder

Question 32

A chronic pattern of inner experience and behavior that causes serious problems with relationships and work This pattern is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment.

Answer 32

personality disorder

Question 33

A type of personality disorder with a pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others. This pattern brings the individual into continuous conflict with society.

Answer 33

antisocial personality disorder

Question 34

A type of personality disorder that is characterized by impulse actions, often with the potential for self-harm, as well as mood instability and chaotic relationships.

Answer 34

borderline personality disorder

Question 35

A type of personality disorder with a pattern of extreme preoccupation with the self and complete lack of empathy for others.

Answer 35

narcissistic personality disorder

Question 36

A condition characterized by the loss of contact with reality and deterioration of normal social functioning.

Answer 36

psychotic disorder

Question 37

Marked by a lack of responsiveness, stupor, and a tendency to remain in a fixed posture.

Answer 37

catatonic behavior

Question 38

A psychotic disorder characterized by withdrawal from reality, illogical patterns of thinking, delusions, hallucinations and may include catatonic behavior.

Answer 38

schizophrenia

Question 39

A false personal belief that is maintained despite obvious proof or evidence to the contrary.

Answer 39

delusion

Question 40

A sensory perception experienced in the absence of an external stimulation.

Answer 40

hallucination

Question 41

Conditions that are characterized by physical complaints or concerns about one’s body that are out of proportion to any physical findings or disease.

Answer 41

somatoform disorder

Question 42

A condition characterized by a serious temporary or ongoing change in function, such as paralysis or blindness, triggered by psychological factors rather than any physical cause.

Answer 42

conversion disorder

Question 43

A condition characterized by fearing that one has a serious illness despite appropriate medical evaluation and reassurance.

Answer 43

hypochondriasis (hypochondriac)

Question 44

A condition characterized by the in intentional creation of false or grossly exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms. This condition is motivated by incentives such as avoiding work.

Answer 44

malingering

Question 45

The addictive use of tobacco, alcohol, medications, or illegal drugs. This abuse leads to significant impairment in functioning, danger to one’s self or others, and recurrent legal and/or interpersonal problems.

Answer 45

substance abuse

Question 46

Chronic alcohol dependence with specific signs and symptoms upon withdrawal. Withdrawal is a psychological or physical syndrome (or both) caused by the abrupt cessation (stopping) of the use of alcohol or a drug in an addicted individual.

Answer 46

alcoholism

Question 47

A disorder involving sudden and severe mental changes or seizures caused by abruptly stopping the use of alcohol.

Answer 47

delirium tremens (DT)

Question 48

The excessive use of illegal drugs or the misuse of prescription drugs. A recreational drugs is one normally used for personal pleasure or satisfaction rather than medical purposes.

Answer 48

drug abuse

Question 49

The accidental or intentional use of an illegal drug or prescription medicine in an amount higher than what is safe or normal.

Answer 49

drug overdose

Question 50

A drug that acts primarily on the central nervous system, where it produces temporary changes affecting the mind, emotions, and behavior. These drugs are used as medications to control pain, and to treat narcolepsy and attention disorders.

Answer 50

psychotropic drug

Question 51

Medications administered to prevent or relieve depression. Some of these medications are also used to treat obsessive-compulsive and generalized anxiety disorders and to help relieve chronic pain.

Answer 51

antidepressant

Question 52

Administered to treat symptoms of severe disorders of thinking and mood that are associated with neurological and psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia, mania, and delusional disorders.

Answer 52

antipsychotic drug

Question 53

Medication administered to temporarily relieve anxiety and reduce tension.

Answer 53

anxiolytic drug, aka antianxiety or tranquilizer

Question 54

Used to treat mood instability and bipolar disorders.

Answer 54

mood-stabilizing drugs (such as lithium)

Question 55

A substance that works by increasing activity in certain areas of the brain to increase concentration and wakefulness.

Answer 55

stimulant

Question 56

Treatment based on the idea that mental disorders have underlying causes stemming from childhood and can only be overcome by gaining insight into one’s feeling and patterns of behavior.

Answer 56

psychoanalysis

Question 57

Therapy that focuses on changing behavior by identifying problem behaviors, replacing them with appropriate behaviors and using rewards or other consequences to make the changes.

Answer 57

behavioral therapy

Question 58

Treatment that focuses on changing cognitions or thoughts that are affecting a person’s emotions and actions.

Answer 58

cognitive therapy

Question 59

The use of hypnosis to produce an altered state of focused attention in which the patient may be more willing to believe and act on suggestions. It is used pain relief, anxiety reduction and behavioral modification.

Answer 59

hypnotherapy