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Medical Terminology 2 > Chapter 15 (Vocabulary) > Flashcards

Chapter 15 (Vocabulary) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

An extremely high temperature.

A

hyperthermia

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2
Q

An abnormally low temperature.

A

hypothermia

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3
Q

Normal range - oral temperature>

Fever - temperature of ? or higher>

A

98.6 degrees F or 37 degrees Celsius

100 degrees Fahrenheit

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4
Q

An instrument used to measure blood pressure.

A

sphygmomanometer

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5
Q

Listening for sounds within the body and is usually performed through a stethoscope.

A

auscultation

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6
Q

An abnormal crackle-like lung sound heard through a stethoscope during inspiration.

A

rale, aka crackle

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7
Q

Coarse rattling sounds that are somewhat like snoring. These sounds are usually caused by secretions in the bronchial airways.

A

rhonchi

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8
Q

An abnormal, high pitched, musical breathing sound caused by a blockage in the throat or in the larynx (voice box).

A

stridor

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9
Q

An abnormal sound or murmur heard during auscultation on an artery. These sounds are usually due to a partially blocked, narrowed, or diseased artery. A thrill is an abnormal rhythmic vibrations felt when palpating an artery.

A

bruit

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10
Q

An examination technique in which the examiner’s hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency and location of certain body parts.

A

palpation

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11
Q

A diagnostic procedure to designed to determine the density of a body part by the sound produced by tapping the surface with the fingers.

A

percussion

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12
Q

An instrument used to examine the interior of the eye.

A

ophthalmoscope

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13
Q

An instrument used to visually examine the external ear canal and tympanic membrane.

A

otoscope

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14
Q

An instrument used to enlarge the opening of any canal or cavity to facilitate inspection of its interior.

A

speculum

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15
Q

An instrument used to listen to sounds within the body.

A

stethoscope

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16
Q

Describes the position in which the patient is lying down. This can be on the back, front, or side.

A

recumbent

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17
Q

The patient is lying on the back, face up. This position is used for examination and treatment of the anterior surface of the body and for x-rays.

A

horizontal recumbent position, aka supine position

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18
Q

The patient is lying on the back, face up, with the knees bent. This position is used for the examination and treatment of the abdominal area and for vaginal or rectal examinations.

A

dorsal recumbent position

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19
Q

The patient is lying on the back, face up, with the feet and legs raised and supported in stirrups. This position is used for vaginal and rectal examinations and during childbirth.

A

lithotomy position

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20
Q

The patient is lying on the abdomen face down. The arms may be placed under the head for comfort. This position is used for the examination and treatment of the back and buttocks.

A

prone position

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21
Q

The patient is lying on the left side with the right knee and thigh drawn up with the left arm placed along the back. This position is used in the examination and treatment of the rectal area.

A

Sims’ position

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22
Q

The patient is lying face down with the hips bent so that the knees and chest rest on the table. This position is also used for rectal examinations.

A

knee-chest position

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23
Q

A medical professional who is trained to draw blood from patients for various laboratory tests and other procedures.

A

phlebotomist

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24
Q

The puncture of a vein for the purpose of drawing blood.

A

phlebotomy

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25
Q

The puncture of an artery, usually on the inside of the wrist, to obtain arterial blood. Arterial blood differs from venous blood mostly in the concentration of dissolved gases it contains.

A

arterial stick

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26
Q

The technique used when only a small amount of blood is needed as a specimen for a blood test. Named for where it is performed, it is usually known as a finger, heel, or an earlobe stick.

A

capillary puncture

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27
Q

A test based on the speed with which the red blood cells separate from the plasma and fall to the bottom of a specialized test tube. An elevated sed rate indicates the presence of inflammation in the body.

A

Erythrocyte sedimentation, aka sed rate [Normal range is

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28
Q

Describes the percentage, by volume, of a blood sample occupied by red cells. This test is used to diagnose abnormal states of hydration, polycythemia and anemia.

A

hematocrit [A blood test that measures the percentage by volume of red blood cells in a whole blood sample.]

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29
Q

Measures the number of platelets in a specified amount of blood and is a screening test to evaluate platelet function. It is also used to monitor changes in the blood associated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. These changes include thrombocytosis (an abnormal increase in the number of platelets) and thrombocytopenia (an abnormal decrease in the number of platelets).

A

platelet count

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30
Q

Is a determination of the number of erythrocytes in the blood. A depressed count can indicate anemia or a hemorrhage lasting more than 24 hours.

A

red blood cell count (RBC)

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31
Q

Performed to determine the capability of blood donor and the recipient before a blood transfusion. Agglutination is a positive reaction that indicates the donor unit is not a suitable match. Agglutination is the clumping together of red blood cells.

A

crossmatch tests

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32
Q

Performed to identify high levels of inflammation within the body. The information provided by this test is obtained by the presence of the C-reactive protein, which is produced by the liver only during episodes of acute inflammation.

A

C-reactive protein test (CRP) [Although this test does not identify the specific cause of the inflammation, an elevated level can indicate a heart attack, a coronary artery disease, or an autoimmune disorder.]

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33
Q

Measures the ability of the liver ability to take up, process, and secrete bilirubin into the bile. This test is useful in determining whether a patient has liver disease or a blocked bile duct.

A

serum bilirubin test

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34
Q

Measures the PH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels of arterioal blood. This test is used to evalute lung and kidney function and overall metabolism.

A

arterial blood gas analysis (ABG)

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35
Q

Reflects the amount of waste, minerals, and solids that are present.
A characteristic of diabetes insipidus >
Occurs in conditions such as dehydration, liver failure, or shock>

A

specific gravity
Low specific gravity
High specific gravity

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36
Q

The presence of the protein albumin in the urine. High test levels are a sign of impaired kidney function.

A

albuminuria

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37
Q

The presence of bacteria in the urine.

A

bacteriuria

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38
Q

The presence of calcium in the urine. Abnormally high levels can be diagnostic for hyperparathyroidism. Lower than normal levels can indicate osteomalacia.

A

calciuria

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39
Q

An increased concentration of creatinine in the urine. The presence of excess creatinine is an indication of increased muscle breakdown or a disruption of kidney function.

A

creatinuria

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40
Q

The presence of glucose in the urine. This condition is most commonly caused by diabetes.

A

glycosuria

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41
Q

The presence of blood in the urine. This condition can be caused by kidney stones, infection, kidney damage, or bladder cancer.

A

hematuria

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42
Q

The presence of ketones in the urine. Ketones are formed when the body breaks down fat and their presence in urine can indicate starvation or uncontrolled diabetes.

A

ketonuria

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43
Q

The presence of abnormal amount of protein in the urine. This condition is a sign of kidney disease.

A

proteinuria

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44
Q

The presence of pus in the urine. The urin is turbid (cloudy/smoky) in appearance.

A

pyuria

45
Q

A small flexible tube with a light and a lens on the end. These fiber-optic instruments are named for the body parts they are designed to examine.

A

endoscope

46
Q

The visual examination of the interior of the abdomen with the use of laparoscope that is passed through a small incision in the abdominal wall.

A

laparoscopy

47
Q

A surgical puncture to remove excess fluid or to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes.

A

centesis

48
Q

The surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid.

A

abdominocentesis

49
Q

A surgical puncture of the joint space to remove synovial fluid for analysis to determine the cause of pain or swelling in a joint.

A

arthrocentesis

50
Q

The puncture of a chamber of the heart for diagnosis or therapy.

A

cardiocentesis, aka cardiopuncture

51
Q

The puncture of the pericardial sac for the purpose of removing fluid. The procedure is to treat pericarditis.

A

pericardiocentesis

52
Q

Uses x-radiation (x-rays) passing through the patient to expose a film or create a digital image that shows the body in profile. In the resulting film, hard tissue are light, soft tissues are shades of gray, and air is black.

A

radiography (x-ray)

53
Q

The substance does not allow x-rays to pass through and appears white or light gray on the resulting film.

A

radiopaque [Radiopaque hard tissue, such as bone and tooth enamel, appear white or light gray on the radiograph.]

54
Q

The substance, such as air or nitrogen gas, does allow x-rays to pass through and appears black or dark gray on the resulting film.

A

radiolucent [Radiolucent soft tissue, such as muscles, and skin, appear as shades of gray to black on the radiograph.]

55
Q

Creates an image of hard-tissue internal structures by the exposure of sensitized film to x-radiation.

A

conventional radiology [The resulting film is known as a radiograph or radiogram; however it is commonly referred to as an x-ray.]

56
Q

A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders with x-rays and other forms of radiant energy.

A

radiologist

57
Q

The use of radiographic imaging to guide a procedure such as a biopsy. It is also used to confirm the placement of an inserted object such as a stent or feeding tube.

A

interventional radiology

58
Q

Describes the path that the patient’s body and the part of the body that is closest to the x-ray film. For example, in a left lateral position, the left side of the patient’s body is placed nearest the film.

A

radiographic positioning

59
Q

Describes the path that the x-ray beam follows through the patient’s body from the entrance to the exit.

A

radiographic projection

60
Q

Uses a thin, fan-shaped x-ray beam that rotates around the patient to produce multiple cross-sectional views of the body.

A

computed tomography

61
Q

Uses the combination of radio waves and a strong magnetic field to create signals that are sent to a computer and converted into images of any plane through the body.

A

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

62
Q

The visualization of body parts in motion by projecting x-ray images on a luminous fluorescent screen.

A

fluoroscopy

63
Q

The recording of the fluoroscopy images.

A

cineradiography

64
Q

The imaging of deep body structures by recording the echoes of sound waves pulses that are above the range of human hearing.

A

ultrasonography, commonly referred to as ultrasound or diagnostic ultrasound

65
Q

The image created by ultrasonography. These images are created by a sonographer.

A

sonogram

66
Q

Is performed in the same way as an echocardiogram; however, this procedure measures the speed and direction of the blood flow within the heart.

A

Doppler echocardiogram

67
Q

An ultrasonic imaging technique used to evaluate heart structures. This diagnostic test is performed from inside the esophagus, and because the esophagus is so close to the heart, this technique produces clearer images than those obtained with echocardiography.

A

transesophageal echocardiography

68
Q

A diagnostic procedure that uses nuclear medicine technology to gather information about the structures and function of organs or body systems that cannot be seen on conventional x-rays.

A

nuclear scan, aka SCINTIGRAM

69
Q

The flow of blood through an organ.

A

perfusion

70
Q

Combines tomography with radionuclide tracers to produce enhanced images of selected body organs or areas.

A

positron emission tomography

71
Q

A licensed specialist who formulates and dispenses prescribed medications.

A

pharmacist

72
Q

NBM or NPO

A

nothing by mouth

73
Q

prn

A

as needed

74
Q

A medication that can be legally be dispensed only by a pharmacist with an order from a licensed professional such as a physician or dentist.

A

prescription drug

75
Q

Also known as a side effect, undesirable reaction that accompanies the principal response for which the drug was taken.

A

adverse drug reaction (ADR)

76
Q

A factor in the patient’s condition that makes the use of medication or specific treatment dangerous or ill advised.

A

contraindication

77
Q

An unexpected reaction to a drug that is peculiar to the individual.

A

idiosyncratic reaction

78
Q

A substance that eases the pain or severity of the symptoms of a disease, but does not cure it.

A

palliative [Palliative care is treatment that focuses on alleviating pain and relieving symptoms rather than curing the disease.]

79
Q

The result of medical treatment that yields the exact opposite of normally expected results.

A

paradoxical reaction [Paradoxical means not being normal or the usual kind.]

80
Q

An inactive substance, such as a sugar pill or liquid, that is administered only for its suggestive effects.

A

placebo [In medical research, a placebo is administered to one group and the drug being studied is administered to another group.]

81
Q

Medication administered to prevent or reduce fever. These medications, such as asprin and acetaminophen, act by lowering a raised body temperature; however, they do not affect a normal body temperature when a fever is not present.

A

antipyretic

82
Q

Relieves inflammation and pain without affecting consciousness.

A

anti-inflammatory

83
Q

Refers to the class of drugs that relieves pain without affecting consciousness. These include such drugs as asprin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen.

A

analgesic

84
Q

Is an analgesic that reduces pain and fever, but does not relieve inflammation; however, it does not have the negative side effects of NSAIDS. This substance is basic ingredient found in Tylenol and its generic equivalents.

A

acetaminophin

85
Q

Are non-narcotic analgesics administered to control pain by reducing inflammation and swelling. Medications in this group can cause side-effects, including attacking the stomach lining and thinning the blood.

A

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) [NSAID, such as asprin and ibuprofen, are available over the counter. Stronger NSAID are availabe by prescription.]

86
Q

The placement of medication under the tongue where it is allowed to dissolve slowly. Because the tissues under the tongue are highly vascular, the medication is quickly absorbed directly into the bloodstream.

A

sublingual administration

87
Q

Taken into the body or administered in a manner other than through the digestive tract. Most common use of this type of administration is by injection through a hypodermic syringe.

A

parenteral

88
Q

This injection is made into the fatty layer just below the skin.

A

subcutaneous injection

89
Q

This injection is made into the middle layers of the skin.

A

intradermal injection

90
Q

This injection is made directly into muscle tissue.

A

intramuscular injection (IM)

91
Q

This injection is made directly into a vein.

A

intravenous injection (IV)

92
Q

The abbreviation for peripherally inserted central catheter, is frequently used for a patient who will need IV therapy for more than 7 days.

A

PICC line

93
Q

A single concentrated dose of drug usually injected into a blood vessel over a short period of time.

A

bolus, aka bolus infusion

94
Q

Another term for conventional, or Western, medical practices and system of health care.

A

allopathic medicine

95
Q

A general term for practices and systems of health care other than allopathic approaches used to supplement these treatments.

A

complementary medicine

96
Q

Refers to a treatment approach that takes into consideration the whole body and its environment, including the mind, body and spirit.

A

holistic

97
Q

Type of treatment in which a patient follows verbal prompts to envision a specific, peaceful location in detail, distancing him- or herself from any pain or stress the patient is currently experiencing.

A

guided imagery

98
Q

A traditional Chinese touch therapy involving finger pressure applied to specific areas of the body to restore the flow of qi.

A

acupressure

99
Q

A traditional Chinese medical practice using very thin needles inserted into specific points of the body to restore flow of qi.

A

acupuncture

100
Q

A specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ), and carpal tunnel syndrome.

A

myofascial release

101
Q

A patients consistency and accuracy in following the regimen prescribed by a physician or other health care professional.

A

compliance

102
Q

The puncture of a vein for the purpose of drawing blood; also known as venipuncture.

A

phlebotomy

103
Q

A type of nuclear imaging test that produces 3D computer-reconstructed images showing perfusion through tissues and organs.

A

single photon emission computed tomography

104
Q

The examination of the physical and chemical properties of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements.

A

urinalysis

105
Q

The evaluation or appraisal of the patient’s condition.

A

assessment

106
Q

The way the patient walks, including gait, any unsteadiness, or possible difficulty.

A

ambulation

107
Q

Normal resting heart rate in adults.
Normal resting heart rate in children.
Normal resting heart rate in athletes.

A

60-100 bpm
100-160 bpm
40-60 bpm

108
Q

Can be severe pain that lasts only a relatively short time. It can be caused by a disease, inflammation, or injury to the tissues. When the cause of the pain is diagnosed and treated, the pain goes away.

A

acute pain

109
Q

Can be mild or severe pain that persists over a longer period of time than acute pain and is resistant to most medical treatments. It often causes severe problems for the patient.

A

chronic pain

Medical Terminology 2 (20 decks)

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