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Medical Terminology 2 > Chapter 13 (Word Parts) > Flashcards

Chapter 13 (Word Parts) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

adren/o

A

adrenal glands [Regulate electrolyte levels, influence metabolism, and respond to stress.]

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2
Q

gonad/o

A

gonads [Gamete (sex cell) producing glands.]

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3
Q

testic/o

A

male: testicles [Sperm-producing gland.]

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4
Q

ovari/o

A

female: ovaries [Ova (egg) producting gland.]

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5
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreatic islets [Control blood sugar levels and glucose metabolism.]

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6
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid glands [Regulates calcium levels throughout the body.]

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7
Q

pineal/o

A

pineal gland [Influences the sleep-wakefulness cycle.]

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8
Q

pituit/o, pituitar/o

A

pituitary gland [Secretes hormones that control the activity of the other endocrine glands.]

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9
Q

thym/o

A

thymus [Plays a major role in the immune reaction.]

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10
Q

thyr/o, thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland [Stimulates metabolism, growth, and the activity of the nervous system.]

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11
Q

The hormone that works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues.

A

calcitonin

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12
Q

A hormone that has an anti-inflammatory action; it also regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body.

A

cortisol

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13
Q

Mineral substances, such as sodium and potassium, normally found in the blood.

A

electrolytes

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14
Q

A hormone that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to physical injury or to mental stress such as fear; also known as adrenaline.

A

epinephrine

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15
Q

A hormone with an important role in the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics and the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

A

estrogen

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16
Q

The hormone that stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova (eggs) in the ovaries of the female. In the male, it stimulates the production of sperm in the testicles (testes).

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

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17
Q

The hormone that increases the amount of glucose in the bloodstream by stimulating the liver to convert glycogen into glucose.

A

glucagon

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18
Q

The hormone that regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues.

A

growth hormone

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19
Q

The hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islet in response to high levels of glucose in the bloodstream. Its function is to allow glucose to enter cells for energy or to stimulate the liver to convert glucose to glycogen for storage.

A

insulin

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20
Q

The hormone that stimulates ovulation in the female. In the male, it stimulates the secretion of testosterone.

A

interstitial cell-stimulating hormone

21
Q

A protein hormone secreted by fat cells that is involved in the regulation of appetite.

A

leptin

22
Q

The hormone that stimulates ovulation in the female and production of the female sex hormone progesterone. In the male, it stimulates the secretion of testosterone.

A

luteinizing hormone

23
Q

A combination of a hormone and a neurohormone that plays an important role in the “flight-or-flight response”.

A

norepinephrine

24
Q

Hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth.

A

oxytocin

25
Q

This hormone, whose function is to complete the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy, is released during the second half of the menstrual cycle by the corpus luteum in the ovary.

A

progesterone

26
Q

The process of physical changes by which a child’s body becomes an adult body that is capable of reproducing.

A

puberty

27
Q

A large family of hormonelike substances that share the same fat-soluble chemical structure.

A

steroids

28
Q

A steroid hormone secreted by the testes and the adrenal cortex that stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics.

A

testosterone

29
Q

Hormones secreted by the thymus gland that stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells of the immune system.

A

thymosin

30
Q

One of the primary hormones secreted by the thyroid gland that regulate the rate of metabolism and affect the growth and rate of function of other body systems.

A

thyroxine

31
Q

Are chemical messengers that are secreted by endocrine glands directly into the bloodstream. This enables them to reach cells and organs throughout the body.

A

hormones

32
Q

Stimulates the growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex.

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

33
Q

Aka as prolactin, stimulates & maintains the secretions of breast milk in the mother after childbirth.

A

lactogenic hormone (LTH)

34
Q

Increases the production of melanin in melanocytes, thereby causing darkening of skin pigmentation. This usually increases during pregnancy.

A

melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

35
Q

Stimulates the secretion of hormones by the thyroid gland.

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

36
Q

Two primary thyroid hormones that regulate the rate of metabolism and affect the growth and rate function of many other body systems.

A

thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) [Controlled by the thyroid-stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.]

37
Q

Which works with the hormone calcitonin that is secreted by the thyroid gland. Together, they regulate the calcium levels in the blood and tissues.

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

38
Q

Sex hormones secreted by the gonads, the adrenal cortex, and fat cells. Promote the development and maintenance of the male sex characteristics, however, they are present in both men and women.

A

androgens

39
Q

The steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex. The same term describes the synthetically produced equivalents that are administered as medications.

A

corticosteroids

40
Q

A corticosteroid that regulates the salt and water levels in the body by increasing the sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidneys.

A

aldosterone (ALD)

41
Q

Are gamete-producting glands. These are the ovaries in females and testicles in males.

A

gonads

42
Q

The process of physical changes by which a child’s body becomes an adult body that is capable of reproducing.

A

puberty

43
Q

A reproductive cell. These are sperm in the male and ova (eggs) in the female.

A

gamete

44
Q

Any hormone that stimulates the gonads.

A

gonadotropin

45
Q

Are man-made substances that are chemically related to male sex hormones. They are used in the treatment of hormone problems in men and to help the body replace muscle mass lost due to disease. Athletes sometimes use these steroids illegally to build muscle mass, a dangerous practice that can lead to lasting damage to the body.

A

anabolic steroids

46
Q

Are produced and released by neurons in the brain, rather than by the endocrine glands, and delivered to organs and tissues through the bloodstream.

A

neurohormones

47
Q

A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and malfunctions of the endocrine glands.

A

endocrinologist

48
Q

A health care professional qualified to teach people with diabetes how to manage their disease.

A

certified diabetes educator (CDE)

Medical Terminology 2 (20 decks)

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