Chapter 14 (Vocabulary - Female) Flashcards
A woman who has never been pregnant.
nulligravida
A woman who has never borne a viable child.
nullipara
A woman during her first pregnancy.
primigravida
A woman who has borne one viable child.
primipara
A woman who has given birth two or more times.
multiparous
A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the genitourinary system of males and the urinary system of females. The term genitourinary refers to both the genital and urinary organs.
urologist
A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system.
gynecologist
Is a physician who specializes in providing medical care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and immediately thereafter. This specialty is referred to as obstetrics.
obstetrician (OB)
Assists in labor and delivery. >
An RN with specialized training in obstetrics and gynecology who provides primary care in normal pregnancies and deliveries.>
Midwife
Certified nurse midwife (CNM)
A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the newborn.
neonatologist
Aka known as a fertility specialist helps infertile couples by diagnosing and treating problems associated with conception and maintaining pregnancy.
infertility specialist
The absence of ovulation when it would be normally expected. Menstruation can continue, although ovulation does not occur.
anovulation
Inflammation of an ovary. This condition frequently occurs when salpingitis or pelvic inflammatory disease are present.
oophoritis
Originates within the cells of the ovaries. These cancer cells can break away from the ovary and spread (metastasize) to other tissues and organs within the abdomen or travel through the bloodstream to other parts of the body.
ovarian cancer
The absence of ovulation when it would be normally expected. Menstruation can continue, although ovulation does not occur.
anovulation [Condition can be caused by stress, inadequate nutrician, or hormonal imbalances]
The rupture of an ovary.
ovariorrhexis
An inflammation of the female reproductive organs that is not associated with surgery or pregnancy. This condition occurs most frequently as a complication of a sexually transmitted disease and can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and other serious disorders.
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Aka PCOS, is a condition caused by a hormonal imbalance in which the ovaries are enlarged by the presence of many cysts formed by incompletely developed follicles.
polycystic ovary syndrome
An accumulation of pus in a fallopian tube.
pyosalpinx
An inflammation of a fallopian tube.
salpingitis
A condition in which patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity. It is a leading of infertility.
endometriosis
An abnormal discharge, such as mucus or pus, from the uterus.
metrorrhea
Involves a cancerous growth that begins in the lining of the uterus. One of the earliest symptoms of this cancer that frequently occurs after menopause is abnormal bleeding from the uterus.
Endometrial cancer
Aka myoma, is a benign tumor composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that occurs in the wall of the uterus.
uterine fibroid
Aka, pelvic floor hernia, is the condition in which the uterus slides from its normal position in the pelvic cavity and sags into the vagina.
uterine prolapse (prolapse means the falling or dropping down of an organ or internal part.)
The second-most common cancer in women and usually affects women btw the ages of 45 and 65 years. It is caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV), which can now be prevented through vaccination and can be detected early through routine Pap tests.
cervical cancer
The presence of precancerous changes in the cells that make up the inner lining of the cervix. W/out early detection and treatment, these cells can become malignant.
cervical dysplasia
Inflammation of the cervix that is usually caused by an infection.
cervicitis
Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the cervix.
endocervicitis
Tearing or laceration of the vaginal wall. A laceration is a torn, ragged wound or an accidental cut.
colporrhexis
Characterized by pain during sexual intercourse.
dyspareunia
A profuse, whitish mucus discharge from the uterus and vagina. Women normally may have some vaginal discharge; however, this describes a change and increase in this discharge that can be due to an infection, malignancy, or hormonal changes.
leukorrhea
Aka yeast infection, is a vaginal infection caused by the yeast-like fungus candida albicans. The growth of this fungus is usually controlled by bacteria normally present in the vagina. When these bacteria are not able to control fungal growth, symptoms occur that include burning, itching, and a “cottage cheeselike” vaginal discharge.
vaginal candidiasis
Aka colpitis, an inflammation of the lining of the vagina. The most common causes of a vaginal inflammation are bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and vaginal candidiasis.
vaginitis
A condition of severe itching of the external female genitalia.
pruritus vulvae (pruritus means itching)
A painful syndrome of unknown cause. It is characterized by chronic burning, pain during sexual intercourse, itching, or stinging of the vulva.
vulvodynia
An inflammation of the vulva. Possible causes include fungal or bacterial infections, chafing, skin conditions, or allergy to products such as soaps and bubble bath.
vulvitis
A carcinoma that develops from the cells of the breast and can spread to adjacent lymph nodes and other body sites.
breast cancer
Round, firm, rubbery mass that arises from excess growth of glandular and connective tissue in the breast. These masses, which can grow to the size of a small plum, are benign and usually painless.
fibroadenoma [often enlarge during pregnancy and shrink during menopause.]
Is the presence of single or multiple benign cysts in the breast. This condition occurs more frequently in older women. A cyst is a closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material.
fibrocystic breast disease
Is the production of breast milk in a woman who is not breastfeeding. This condition is caused by a malfunction of the thyroid or pituitary gland.
galactorrhea
Aka mastodynia, is pain in the breast.
mastalgia
A breast infection that is caused by bacteria that enter the breast tissue, most frequently during breastfeeding.
mastitis
An abnormal absence of menstrual periods for 90 days or more. This condition, which is normally only b4 puberty, during pregnancy, while breastfeeding, and after menopause, can be caused by stress, hormonal problems, poor nutrition, or excessive exercise.
amenorrhea
Pain caused by uterine cramps during a menstrual period. This pain, which occurs in the lower abdomen, can be a sharp, intermittent, dull, or aching.
dysmenorrhea
A condition characterized by abnormal bleeding often due to an imbalance in hormone level changes.
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Aka menorrhagia, is an excessive amount of menstrual flow over a period of more than 7 days.
hypermenorrhea
An usually small amount of menstrual flow during a shortened regular menstrual period.
hypomenorrhea
Aka intermenstrual bleeding, is excessive uterine bleeding at both the usual time of menstrual periods and at other irregular intervals.
menometrorrhagia
Is the term used to describe infrequent or very light menstruation in a woman with previously normal periods.
oligomenorrhea
Is the occurrence of menstrual cycles more frequently than is normal.
polymenorrhea
A condition in which the ovaries cease functioning before age 40 years due to disease, a hormonal disorder, or surgical removal. This causes infertility and often brings on menopausal symptoms.
premature menopause
A group of symptoms experienced by some women within 2-week period b4 menstruation. These symptoms can include bloating, swelling, headaches, mood swings, and breast discomfort.
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
A condition associated with severe emotional and physical problem that are closely linked to the menstrual cycle. Symptoms occur regularly in the second half of the cycle and end when menstruation begins or shortly thereafter.
premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
Is the interruption or termination of pregnancy b4 the fetus is viable.
abortion [A spontaneous abortion, aka miscarriage, usually occurs early in the pregnancy and is due to an abnormality or genetic disorder.
Aka as an extrauterine pregnancy, is a potentially dangerous condition in which a fertilized egg is implanted and begins to develop outside of the uterus.
ectopic pregnancy [ectopic means out of place]
The inability of a couple to achieve pregnancy after 1 year of regular, unprotected intercourse, or the inability of a woman to carry a pregnancy to a live birth.
infertility
Is characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma. Treatment for this condition includes the delivery of the fetus.
eclampsia
Aka known as pregnancy-induced hypertension or toxemia, is a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension (high blood pressure), edema (swelling), and proteinuria (an abnormally high level of protein in the urine).
preeclampsia
Defines the presence or absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells. This can cause difficulties when an Rh negative (Rh-) mother is pregnant with an Rh positive (Rh +) baby.
Rh factor
Is a disorder in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus. Abruption means breaking off. This condition is a leading cause of fetal death.
Abruptio placentae
Occurs when the buttocks or feet of the fetus are positioned to enter the birth canal first instead of the head.
breech presentation
Is the abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus. Symptoms include painless, sudden-onset bleeding during the third trimester.
placenta previa [Previa means appearing b4 or in front of.]
Aka preemie, is a fetus born before the 37th week of gestation.
premature infant
The birth of a fetus that died before, or during delivery.
stillbirth
