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Quality of the Environment > Chapter 9: The Urban Environment > Flashcards

Chapter 9: The Urban Environment Flashcards

1
Q

the geographic distribution of people in rural areas, towns, and cities significantly influences the:

A

Social aspects of population growth

environmental aspects of population growth

economic aspects of population growth

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2
Q

Wind can move a dust dome from over a city to nearby rural areas. T/F

A

True

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3
Q

Demographers project that cities will be home to two-thirds of all humans by 2050. T/F

A

True

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4
Q

What has the urban sprawl done to the environment

A

lead to an increase in water pollution

among other things…

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5
Q

Local heat buildup in an area of high population density is called

A

Urban heat island

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6
Q

What effect did transportation have on urban development in the 20th century

A

It increased the spatial scales of cities

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7
Q

A dome of heated air that surrounds an urban area and contains a lot of air pollution is called

A

dust dome

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8
Q

Evidence exists that prolonged exposure to high levels of noise causes a permanent constriction of blood vessels, which can increase the blood pressure, thereby contributing to heart disease. T/F

A

True

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9
Q

Both political and economic factors influence land use planning. T/F

A

True

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10
Q

Urbanization occurs because

A

Rural areas are often the sites of educational and cultural opportunity *

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11
Q

Problems associated with the rapid growth rates of large urban areas include

A

Strain on the educational system

Poverty

Increased urban violence

Increased air pollution

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12
Q

Former brownfields can be converted into

A

Residential sites

Recreational sites

Commercial sites

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13
Q

Urban ecologists study processes, trends, and patterns of cities in the context of:

A

POET

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14
Q

Cities in highly developed countries often have a higher ratio of men to women. T/F

A

False

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15
Q

Cities often exhibit

A

Greater heterogeneity with respect to socioeconomic status

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16
Q

Curitiba was the first city in Brazil to use a special low-polluting fuel made of diesel fuel, soybean extract, and alcohol. What is true about these benefits?

A

Reduced pollution *

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17
Q

Cities with more than 10 Million inhabitants are called

A

megacities

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18
Q

What does smart growth do

A

Creates communities that encourage pedestrian commutes

Preserves open spaces

Preserves farmlands

Incorporates compact development into its strategy

19
Q

The design of cities in which tall, multiple-unit residential buildings are close to shopping and jobs, and all are connected by public transportation is termed:

A

Compact development

20
Q

Sustainable cities exhibit these characteristics

A

Strong economies

A cultural sense of community

Enhancement of the well-being of current generations

Enhancement of the well-being of future generations

21
Q

three urban revolutions

A

Agriculture - formation of towns and cities

Industrial Revolution

Today - greatest population growth in cities ever

22
Q

Urbanizations

A

the process in which people increasingly move from rural areas to densely populated cities

23
Q

Urban agglomeration

A

an urbanized core region that consists of several adjacent cities or megacities and their surrounding developed suburbs

24
Q

Urban ecosystem

A

a heterogeneous, dynamic urban area studied in the context of a boarder ecological system

25
Q

POET

A

Population
Organization
Environment
Technology

26
Q

brownfield

A

an urban area of abandoned, vacant factories, warehouses, and/or homes whose redevelopment is hindered due to possible contamination

27
Q

food desert

A

a neighborhood in which low-quality processed goods are far easier to obtain than good, healthy foods

28
Q

Land-use planning

A

the process of deciding the best uses for land in a given area

29
Q

Suburban sprawl

A

a patchwork of vacant and developed tracts around the edges of cities; contains a low population density

30
Q

In less than 20 years (by 2030), the urban populations of Africa and Asia are expected to double, T/F

A

True

31
Q

In 2008, half of the population officially lived in cities T/F

A

True

32
Q

By 2030 the towns and cities of the developing world will make up what percentage of the world’s urban humanity

A

81%

33
Q

During the first wave of urbanization in north america, it took over 200 years to reach a 56% urban population. How long will it take developing countries, during the second wave of urbanization to achieve a similar percentage?

A

80 years

34
Q

Why are cities a good thing if built properly?

A

concentrate half of the earth’s population on less than 3% of its land area

35
Q

The impact of globalization on cities especially in developing countries includes “cookie cutter” architecture that increases energy consumption T/F

A

true

more energy to keep single home running

36
Q

As villages eventually grow into towns and cities, their air core temperature rises about

A

2-6 C

37
Q

What percentage of natural disasters that resulted in loss of life occurred in developing countries in the past 20 years?

A

90%

38
Q

What are the impacts of urban systems?

A

Coastal flooding

sea level rise

mixing salt water with fresh water

provoking migration to other urban areas

endangering critical ecosystems supplying ecological services and natural resources to urban areas

39
Q

Why is the LECZs so worried about Africa and Asia when it comes to sea level rise?

A

They live near the coasts

Asia has 3/4 of the worlds population

40
Q

Why are small urban cities worse for the environment then megacities?

A

their planning and implementation is weak and can’t plan greenly

41
Q

More people will make up a large part of future urban growth T/F

A

True

42
Q

More urban growth stems from migration today than from natural increase T/F

A

True

43
Q

Environmental problems of urban areas

A

rural areas shrinking and urban grows

hydrologic cycle messed up - runoff

storm systems - can become polluted

untreated runoff

suburban expansion and brownfields and sprawl

Quality of the Environment (9 decks)

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