Chapter 13: Water - A limited resource

Question 1

What affects universal access to water?

Answer 1

• Distribution problems
• Quality assurance problems
• An increasing global population
• Water supply distribution problems due to climate change

Question 2

Modern floods are often more disastrous in terms of poverty loss than those of the past because continue to

Answer 2

build in floodplains

Question 3

The area bordering a river channel that has the potential to flood is determined

Answer 3

a floodplain

Question 4

What can climate change impact in terms of water

Answer 4

• The type and amount of available water on earth
• The distribution of global water
• Saltwater intrusion along coastal areas

Question 5

T/F

In developing countries, population increases tend to overwhelm efforts to improve water supply

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Conservation-based pricing

Answer 6

rewards consumers for using less water

Question 7

The use of water resources in a fashion that does not harm the essential functions of the hydrologic cycle or the ecosystems on which present and future humans depend is termed

Answer 7

sustainable water use

Question 8

Water plays and important role in…

Answer 8

• Shaping the continents
• moderating climate
• waste disposal
• manufacturing

Question 9

Worldwide, how many people wive without adequate access to water?

Answer 9

1.1 billion

Question 10

T/F

Water is a polar molecule

Answer 10

True

Question 11

A type of irrigation that conserves water by piping it to crops through sealed systems is termed

Answer 11

drip irrigation and microirrigation

Question 12

T/F

Saltwater intrusion is difficult to reverse

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What does gray water contain

Answer 13

Nutrients beneficial to crops

Question 14

The removal of salt from ocean or brackish water

Answer 14

• Requires a large energy input
• Can be achieved through reverse osmosis
• Is expensive
• Can be achieved through the process of distillation

Question 15

A land area that delivers water into a stream or river system is termed

Answer 15

A watershed

Question 16

T/F

Humans can remove up to 70% of a river’s flow without greatly affecting the natural ecosystem

Answer 16

False

Question 17

When surface water is overdrawn

Answer 17

Estuaries become saltier

Question 18

Studies have shown that consumers can be motivated to conserve water by all what 4 methods

Answer 18

• Increasing prices of water
• Improving water-use tech
• Providing effective educational tools
• Providing incentives

Question 19

T/F

Water is both unsafe and unavailable in much of the world

Answer 19

True

Question 20

T/F

GIS is a computer storage and analysis of maps and other geographic information

Answer 20

False

Question 21

T/F
The water cycle, which includes evaporation, precipitation, and flow to the water basins. The hydrologic cycle supplies terrestrial organisms with a continual supply of fresh water

Answer 21

False

Question 22

T/F
Barren lands between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems that are covered with water for at least part of the year are called Wetlands

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Stable runoff is the share of runoff from precip on that can be depended on every ___.

Answer 23

Month

Question 24

T/F

Water supply pricing structures that penalize consumers for using less water is called conservation-based pricing

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Water in an unconfined aquifer is replaced by ___ water that drains directly ___ it.

Answer 25

surface, above

Question 26

T/F | Groundwater is the supply of fresh water under earth's surface that is stored in underground aquifers

Answer 26

True

Question 27

A confined aquifer is a groundwater storage area trapped between ___ impermeable layer(s) of rock

Answer 27

2

Question 28

An aquedot is

Answer 28

Large pipe or conduit constructed to carry water from a distant source

Question 29

T/F | LEPA is a water-conserving agricultural technique that makes use of geographic information systems

Answer 29

True

Question 30

An aquifer is

Answer 30

Underground cavern and porous layers of sand, gravels, or rock in which groundwater is stored

Question 31

T/F | The amount of water needed to cover an acre of land 1 foot deep is called and acre-foot

Answer 31

True

Question 32

A water table is the ___ surface of the saturated zone of groundwater

Answer 32

Upper

Question 33

T/F Distillations is a desalinization process that involves forcing salt water through a membrane preamble to water but not to salt

Answer 33

False

Question 34

T/F | The movement of freshwater from precipitation to rivers, lakes, wetlands, and ultimately, the ocean is called runoff

Answer 34

True

Question 35

T/F | The sinking or setting of land caused by runoff is called subsidence

Answer 35

False

Question 36

T/F | Arid lands are found in both temperatures and tundra regions

Answer 36

False

Question 37

Reclaimed water is not portable, but can be reused for toilets, plants, or car washing

Answer 37

False | Grey water

Question 38

___ water, is water that has already been used for a relatively nonpolluting purpose, such as showers, dish washing, laundry

Answer 38

Gray

Question 39

An acre-foot is equal to 326,000 gallons of water, and supplies ___ people with enough water for an entire year

Answer 39

8

Question 40

T/F | Most of the world's mega cities are in water-stressed regions

Answer 40

True

Question 41

The UN estimates 2.8 billion people in 48 countries will be living in areas facing water stress or scarcity by the year

Answer 41

2025

Question 42

Six countries hold over half of the world's freshwater. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Answer 42

The US`

Question 43

Of all of the water on earth, what percentage is available for freshwater-dependent life forms?

Answer 43

<1%

Question 44

T/F | As of 2010, 90% of groundwater under China's cities is contaminated.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Of the tiny amount of all freshwater on Earth, how much do humans appropriate for themselves from both surface and groundwater sources?

Answer 45

50%

Question 46

T/F Scientists have found that levels of pollutants such as pesticides, PCBs, and heavy metals that are not caught by sewage systems, remain in the local area until they are absorbed by the environment.

Answer 46

False

Question 47

In the U.S., the majority of human water usage is allocated t

Answer 47

industry

Question 48

T/F All of Africa's 677 major lakes are now threatened to varying degrees by unsustainable use, pollution, and climate change.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

What percentage of U.S. rivers and streams are too dangerous for drinking, fishing, and swimming?

Answer 49

40%

Question 50

T/F | Diets rich in meat and other animal products use less water than diets with more vegetables and grains.

Answer 50

False | They use more water

Question 51

How many gallons of water does it take to produce a typical fast food lunch?

Answer 51

700 gallons

Question 52

T/F | in the US, we place a high value on water

Answer 52

True

Question 53

On a global scale, the majority of human water usage is allocated to

Answer 53

agriculture

Question 54

T/F | A rise in ocean acidification will decrease the growth of algal phytosynthesis and diazotrophs.

Answer 54

False

Question 55

T/F Mark Lynas sides with the political left, especially the Green movement, urging the population to "give up cars, live in colder houses, or vacation close to home" in order to reduce CO2 emissions and other practices that are bringing us close to critical planetary boundary limits.

Answer 55

False

Question 56

T/F | Carbonic acid dissolves calcium carbonate

Answer 56

True

Question 57

The primary hotspots of ocean acidification can be found:

Answer 57

on the west coasts of continents

Question 58

Acidification hot spots along coasts are also where we will find:

Answer 58

- rich fishing grounds - abundant sea life - eutrophication

Question 59

When CO2 is added to water or sea water, the result is:

Answer 59

carbolic acid is created

Question 60

The Global Warming Policy Foundation and the Cato Institute are examples of organizations that:

Answer 60

- Deny climate change and ocean acidification - claim global warming and ocean acidification are not connected - claim global warming is real but ocean acidification is not

Question 61

T/F Our author claims that those on the political right who deny the evidence of climate change and ocean acidification are "anti-science."

Answer 61

False

Question 62

If CO2 rates are allowed to double from pre-industrial levels, we may expect to see tropical coral reefs not only die but start to dissolve by:

Answer 62

2050

Question 63

Although rising CO2 in the oceans can be very bad fior corals, there is no historical evidence that corals will disappear altogether

Answer 63

False