Chapter 9: The Joints

Question 1

Structural classification subcategories joints include?

Answer 1

Fibrous joints, Cartilaginous joints, and Synovial joints

Question 2

Functional classification subcategories of joints include?

Answer 2

Synarthrosis (an immovable joint)
Amphiarthrosis (a slightly movable joint)
Diarthrosis (a freely movable joint)

Question 3

What joints lack cartilage and a synovial cavity.

The bones are held closely together by dense irregular connective tissue?

Answer 3

Fibrous joints

Question 4

Suture joints in the skull

and the teeth joints are what kind of joints?

Answer 4

Fibrous joints

Question 5

What joints consist of a bar of cartilage between two bones.

They lack a synovial cavity and provide little or no movement?

Answer 5

Cartilaginous joints

Question 6

Pubic symphysis and the intervertebral disks of the spine

are examples of what kind of joint?

Answer 6

Cartilaginous joints

Question 7

What joints are more complex than the other two: Ligaments hold bones together to form a synovial cavity and a freely moveable joint.

Answer 7

Synovial joints

Question 8

The two layered capsule

that encloses the synovial cavity consits of?

Answer 8

An outer fibrous capsule

An inner synovial membrane

Question 9

The synovial membrane secretes ____ ____ which functions to reduce friction by lubricating the joint and absorbing shocks. It also supplies oxygen and nutrients to the cartilage, while removing carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes.

Answer 9

synovial fluid

Question 10

What are immoveable joints, like the fibrous joints of the skull?

Answer 10

Synarthroses

Question 11

What are slightly movable joints like the cartilaginous pubic symphysis?

Answer 11

Amphiarthroses

Question 12

What are freely moveable joints like the big “ball and socket” synovial joints of the shoulder and hip.

Answer 12

Diarthroses

Question 13

What are bands of dense regular C.T. (like tendons) that join one bone to another bone.

Answer 13

Ligaments

Question 14

What (and tendon sheaths)
are fluid-filled structures
strategically placed to
minimize friction in some joints?

Answer 14

Bursae

Question 15

The three types of Fibrous joints are?

Answer 15

Suture, syndesmosis, and interosseous membrane.

Question 16

A ____ is a fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue.

Answer 16

Suture

Question 17

A ____ is a fibrous joint in which there is greater distance between the articulating surfaces and more dense irregular tissue than in a suture?

Answer 17

Syndesmosis

Question 18

What is a fibrous joint which is a substantial sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that binds the neighboring long bones and permits slight movement?

Answer 18

Interosseous Membrane

Question 19

The two types of Cartilaginous joints are?

Answer 19

Synchondrosis, and Symphyses

Question 20

What is a cartilaginous joint in which the connecting material is hyaline cartlidge?

Answer 20

Synchondrosis

Question 21

What is a cartilaginous joint in which the ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage?

Answer 21

Symphyses

Question 22

There are 6 types of synovial joints based on the shapes of the articulating bone surfaces. Name the types.

Answer 22

Plane, Hinge, Pivot, Condyloid, Saddle, and Ball-and-Socket joints.

Question 23

In a ____ joint, the articulating surface is flat or slightly curved, permitting back and forth and side-to-side
movements.

Answer 23

planar

Question 24

In a ____ joint, the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another, producing an opening and closing action like a hinge.

Answer 24

hinge

Question 25

In a ____ joint, the rounded surface of one bone articulates with a ring structure formed by another bone and a ligament (allowing
rotation around its longitudinal axis).

Answer 25

pivot

Question 26

In a ____ joint, the articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped. This is really a modified condyloid joint, but the range of motion is expanded to include
movement around all 3 axes.

Answer 26

saddle

Question 27

In a ___ __ ___ joint, the ball surface of one bone fits into a cuplike depression of another bone. These joints allows the most movement of any joint.

Answer 27

ball-and-socket

Question 28

What refers to the range, measured in degrees of a circle, through which the bones of a joint can be moved?

Answer 28

Range of motion (ROM)

Question 29

List the six factors that affect joint contact and range of motion.

Answer 29

Structure or shape of the articulating bones, Strength and tension of the muscles, Arrabgement and tension of the muscles, Contact of soft parts, Hormones, and disuse.

Question 30

How do Hormones effect ROM?

Answer 30

Relaxin increases the flexibility of the pubic symphysis and loosens the ligaments between the sacrum and hip bone toward the end of pregnancy.

Question 31

How do Structure or shape of the articulating bones effect ROM?

Answer 31

The shape of the articulating bones determines how closely they fit together.

Question 32

How do strength and tension of the muscles effect ROM?

Answer 32

The strength and tension of the muscles and joint ligaments varies to restrict or permit certain positions.

Question 33

How does Disuse effect ROM?

Answer 33

Movement may be restricted if a joint has not been used for an extended period.

Question 34

Joint movements are grouped into four main categories. List the four categories.

Answer 34

Gliding, Angular movements, Rotation, and Special movements.

Question 35

Relatively flat bone surfaces move back-and-forth and from side-to-side with respect to one another. What Synonial Joint Movement is this?

Answer 35

Gliding

Question 36

There is an increase or a decrease in the angle between articulating bones. What Synonial Joint Movement is this?

Answer 36

Angular movements

Question 37

A bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis.

What Synonial Joint Movement is this?

Answer 37

Rotation

Question 38

What type of movement includes elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, supination, pronation, and opposition?

Answer 38

Special Movements