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Anatomy and Physiology I > Chapter 11: The Muscular System > Flashcards

Chapter 11: The Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles produce movement by exerting force on ____

which in turn pull on bones and other supporting structures like the skin.

A

tendons

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2
Q

The attachment of a muscle’s tendon to the stationary, usually proximal bone, is called the?

A

origin

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3
Q

The origin of the Biceps is the ____ and the insertion is the ____?

A

Origin:Scapula
Insertion: Radius

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4
Q

The action of the Biceps is to?

A

pronate and flex the arm

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5
Q

The origin of the Triceps is the ____ and the insertion is the ____?

A

Origin:Scapula near shoulder joint Upper lateral and posterior sites of humerus
Posterior surface of humerus
Insertion: Back of olecranon process of ulna

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6
Q

The action of the Triceps is to?

A

Action: Straighten (extend) the arm

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7
Q

Muscles, tendons, bones, and joints can form what three different types of levers in the body?

A

First-class levers, Second class levers, and Third class levers.

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8
Q

In a lever, the point of movement called the ____, is acted on by two different forces: Effort and load.

A

fulcrum

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9
Q 
There are few first-class levers 
in the body. This pic shows a example
A

first-class levers

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10
Q

What levers always provide a distinct mechanical advantage in producing force?
Like a pry bar

A

Second class levers

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11
Q

What levers are the most common and favor speed and range of motion over maximum force?

A

Third-class levers

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12
Q

Most skeletal muscles are arranged in opposing ____ pairs at joints.

A

antagonistic

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13
Q

Within opposing pairs, the prime mover or ____ is the muscle primarily responsible for causing the desired movement.

A

agonist (“the leader”)

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14
Q

The ____ stretches and yields to the effects of the prime mover.

A

antagonist

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15
Q

In flexing the forearm at
the elbow, the ____
is the prime mover or
agonists, and the ____ ____ is the antagonist.

A

brachialis, triceps

brachii

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16
Q

What are muscles used to prevent unwanted movements at intermediate joints, or otherwise aid the movement of the prime mover?

A

Synergists

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17
Q

What muscles are a type of synergist muscle that are used to steady the proximal joints of a prime mover?

A

Fixator

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18
Q

Some of the more common muscles of the head and neck include:

A 
Orbicularis oris
Extraocular muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
Rectus abdominus
External oblique
19
Q

The muscles of facial expression move ____ rather than bones around a joint.

A

skin

20
Q 
Action: Closes and 
protrudes lips for kissing
Origin: Surrounding the
opening of the mouth
Insertion: The skin at the 
corner of the mouth.
What Muscle is this?
A

Orbicularis oris

21
Q

Origin: Maxilla and zygomatic arch
Insertion: Mandible
Action: Closes the mouth
What muscle is this

A

Masseter

22
Q 
3 pair give each eye very 
precise movement
Origin: Back of the orbit
Insertion: Different parts
of the eyeball
Action: Precise and rapid 
movement of the eyes
What muscle is this?
A

The Extraocular muscles

23
Q

Some of the more common muscles that originate on the trunk include the ones shown

A

Some of the more common muscles that originate on the trunk

24
Q

Origin: Clavicle and sternum
Insertion: Proximal humerus
Action: Adducts and medially rotates thearm at the shoulder joint
What muscle is this?

A

Pectoralis major

25
Q

Origin: Ribs 3–5
Insertion: Coracoid process of the scapula
Action: Internally rotates the shoulder
What muscle is this?

A

Pectoralis minor

26
Q 
Origin: Lateral clavicle and upper scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity 
on the shaft of the humerus
Action: Abducts, flexes, and 
medially rotates the upper arm 
at the shoulder joint
What muscle is this?
A

Deltoid Muscle

27
Q 
Origin: Occipital bone and 
cervical spine
Insertion: Clavicle, scapula and
lower thoracic vertebrae
Action: Supports the arm and 
moves the scapula up, down, 
in, and out
What muscle is this?
A

Trapezius

28
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Sternocleidomastoid?

A 
Origin: Clavicle and sternum
Insertion: Mastoid 
process of temporal bone
Action: Flex and 
rotate the head
29
Q 
Origin: Thoracic and lumbar 
vertebrae and the iliac bone
Insertion: Mid-humerus
Action: Drives arm inferiorly 
and posteriorly (the 
swimmer’s muscle)
A

Latissimus dorsi

30
Q

Anterior abdominal wall:
Origin: Pubic bone
Insertion: Ribs and sternum

A

Rectus abdominis

31
Q 
Anterior abdominal wall:
Origin: Ribs 5–12
Insertion: Iliac crest and 
linea alba
Actions: Flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen
A

External oblique

32
Q 
The main muscle of inspiration is the?
Origin: Inferior 6 ribs 
(anteriorly) and lumbar 
vertebrae (posteriorly)
Insertion: Centraltendon
A

diaphragm

33
Q

What is the Origin, insertion, and action of the Biceps brachii?

A 
Origin: Scapula
Insertion: Radius
Action: Flexes and 
supinates forearm at 
elbow joint and flexes 
arm at shoulder joint
34
Q

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Brachialis?

A

Origin: Distal anterior surface of humerus
Insertion: Ulna
Action: Flexor of forearm at elbow

35
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Triceps brachii?

A 
Origin: Scapula and posterior surface of humerus
Insertion: Olecranon 
process of ulna
Action: Extends 
forearm at elbow 
joint and arm 
at shoulder joint
36
Q

What is the origin, Insertion, and Action of the Brachioradialis?

A

Origin: Humerus
Insertion: Distal radius
Action: Supinates the forearm
at the radioulnar joint

37
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Gluteus maximus?

A

Origin: Iliac crest, sacrum, and coccyx
Insertion: Femur
Action: Extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint

38
Q

What is the origin, Insertion, and action of the Quadricep group (Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis)?

A

Origin: Iliac spine and proximal femur
Insertion: Patella and proximal tibia
Action: Flexes thigh at high joint and extends leg at knee joint

39
Q

Muscles that move the femur, tibia, and fibula

Hamstring group

A

Muscles that move the femur, tibia, and fibula

Hamstring group

40
Q

What is the origin, and insertion of the Hamstring group: (Biceps femoris,
Semitendinosus, and Semimembranosus)?

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Proximal tibia and fibula

41
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Tibialis anterior?

A 
Origin: Tibia
Insertion: First cuneiform 
and first metatarsal
Action: Dorsiflexes and 
	inverts the foot
42
Q

The Muscles that plantar flex the foot at the ankle joint are called?

A

Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles function as one – often called the gastrocsoleus muscle

43
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles?

A

Origin: Femur, capsule of
knee, and head of fibula
Insertion: Calcaneus by way
of calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

Anatomy and Physiology I (9 decks)

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