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Biology > Chapter 9 - The Eye > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - The Eye Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  1. Define ‘Accommodation’ in respect of vision.
A
  1. The changing shape of the lens as it focuses on near and distant objects, facilitated by the ciliary muscles.
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2
Q

What is the ‘Iris reflex’?

A

The iris changing size according to available light.

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3
Q

What is the iris/pupil configuration in:
A. Low light
B. Bright light

A

A. Large pupil, narrow iris (iris contracts)

B. Small pupil, wide iris (iris relaxes)

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4
Q

What is ‘focal length’?

A

The distance between the lens and the focal point.

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5
Q
  1. What is a convex (converging) lens used to correct?

2. What is a concave (diverging) lens used to correct?

A
  1. Long-sightedness

2. Short-sightedness.

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6
Q
  1. Describe the function of the cornea.

2. Describe the adaptations of the cornea.

A
  1. Protects eye surfaces, and focuses light rays.

2. Is clear, colourless and curved.

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7
Q
  1. Describe the function of the lens.

2. Describe the adaptations of the lens.

A
  1. Focuses light onto the retina.

2. Is clear, colourless, curved, and can change shape.

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8
Q
  1. Describe the function of the retina.

2. Describe the adaptations of the retina.

A
  1. Detects light waves and produces impulses.

2. Contains rod cells, cone cells, and sensory neurones.

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9
Q
  1. Describe the function of the iris.

2. Describe the adaptations of the iris.

A
  1. Controls pupil size, and regulates amount of light entering the eye.
  2. Contains muscles.
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10
Q
  1. What is long-sightedness?

2. What is short-sightedness?

A
  1. When close objects are blurry.

2. When far objects are blurry.

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11
Q
  1. What is long-sightedness caused by?

2. What is short-sightedness caused by?

A
  1. An eyeball that is too short, or the cornea isn’t curved enough.
  2. An eyeball that is too long, or the cornea is too curved.
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12
Q
  1. What cells in the retina cause colour blindness?
A
  1. Cones.
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13
Q
  1. Name the eye problem that can be fixed by replacing the lens.
A
  1. Cataracts.
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14
Q

What muscles operate the lens?

A

Ciliary muscles.

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15
Q

What cells detect low levels of light?

A

Rods

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16
Q

What cells detect colour?

A

Cones.

17
Q

What causes the pupil to dilate and constrict?

A

Iris muscles.

18
Q

Why is it necessary for the iris muscles to cause the pupil to construct and dilate?

A

To control how much light enters the eye in order to protect the retina.

19
Q

In which order does light reach the parts of the eye?

A
  1. Cornea
  2. Pupil
  3. Lens
  4. Retina
20
Q

Can short-sightedness be corrected with surgery?

A

Yes

21
Q

Can long-sightedness be corrected with surgery?

A

Yes

22
Q

Can colour blindness be corrected with surgery?

A

No

23
Q

Can cataracts be corrected with surgery?

A

Yes

24
Q

How are cataracts corrected?

A

By removing the lens and replacing it with a plastic one.

25
Q

How is long/short-sightedness corrected?

A

By using lasers to reshape the cornea.

26
Q

What is the function of the optic nerve?

A

To transmit impulses to the brain.

27
Q

Where is the blind spot in the eye?

A

Where the optic nerve attaches to the eye.

28
Q

What is contained within the fovea?

A

Lots of cone receptors that give the best visual acuity.

29
Q

What is the medical name for long-sightedness?

A

Metropia

30
Q

What is the medical name for short-sightedness?

A

Myopia

31
Q

What causes colour blindness?

A

It is a genetic defect primarily affecting boys that is passed to them by their mother.

32
Q

What is the medical name for colour blindness?

A

Deuteranomoly

33
Q

What are cataracts?

A

Damaged lens proteins that cause the lens to become cloudy.

34
Q

What causes cataracts?

A

Dietary deficiency and long-term exposure to bright sunlight.

35
Q

Where do rods and cones send signals?

A

Down the optic nerve to the visual area at the back of the cerebrum.

Biology (19 decks)

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