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Honors US History I > Chapter 9-The Confederation and the Constitution, 1776-1790 > Flashcards

Chapter 9-The Confederation and the Constitution, 1776-1790 Flashcards

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0
Q

The Americans were blessed with…

A

a vast and fertile land

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1
Q

By 1783, the Americans had…

A

won their freedom

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2
Q

The Americans had inherited from their colonial experience…

A

a proud legacy of self-rule

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3
Q

No law of nature guaranteed that the thirteen would…

A

be able to expand their democratic ideals

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4
Q

The new Republic passed a major test when

A

power was peacefully transferred from the conservative Federalists to the more liberal Jeffersonians in the election of 1800

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5
Q

The American Revolution was not a…

A

revolution in the sense of a radical or total change

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6
Q

The American Revolution did not suddenly and violently overturn…

A

the entire social and political framework

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7
Q

Some isolated communities were unaware that…

A

the American Revolution was even going on

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8
Q

With the exodus of Loyalists, the emergence of a…

A

new Patriot elite was allowed to emerge

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9
Q

Even though the wording of the Declaration of Independence says “All men are created equal,” most states ____ property-holding requirements for voting.

A

reduced

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10
Q

The American Revolution was

A

an example of accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution

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11
Q

Continental army officers attempting to form the Society of the Cincinnati

A

reflected the Revolutionary War generation’s spirit of equality

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12
Q

The struggle for divorce between religion and government, in the post-revolutionary period, proved fiercest in

A

Virginia

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13
Q

One factor in the fight for the separation of church and state was the Anglican Church was…

A

re-formed into the Protestant Episcopal Church

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14
Q

One factor in the fight for the separation of church and state was Thomas Jefferson…

A

joined the effort

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15
Q

One factor in the fight for the separation of church and state was reformers in Virginia secured…

A

the passage of that state’s Statute for Religious Freedom

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16
Q

One factor in the fight for the separation of church and state was there was resistance to completely disentangling the church from…

A

civic affairs in come parts of New England

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17
Q

The world’s first antislavery society was founded by

A

Quakers in Philadelphia

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18
Q

The Continental Congress in ____ called for the complete abolition of the slave trade, a summons to which most of the states responded positively.

A

1774

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19
Q

The status of blacks during the American Revolution

A

Several northern states abolished slavery or provided for gradual emancipation
A few Virginia masters freed their slaves
No states south of Pennsylvania outlawed slavery
Some states passed laws that permit blacks to marry and own land

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20
Q

Early signs of the abolitionist movement can be seen in the

A

emancipation of some slaves

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21
Q

The Founders failed to eliminate slavery because

A

a fight over slavery might destroy national unity

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22
Q

As a result of the Revolution’s emphasis on equality, all of the following achieved

A

the reduction of property qualification for voting by most states
the growth of trade organizations for artisans and laborers
the establishment of the world’s first antislavery society
abolishing medieval inheritance laws

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23
Q

Women’s roles after the Revolution

A

They continued to do traditional women’s work
The new ideology of republican motherhood elevated them as special keepers of the nation’s conscience
They gained access to educational opportunities
State constitutions, like New Jersey’s, briefly gave women the right to vote

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24
Q

Adopted almost a decade before the federal constitution, the ____ constitution remains the longest-lived in the world.

A

Massachusetts

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25
Q

As written documents, the state constitutions functioned in all of the following ways

A

to represent a fundamental law superior to ordinary legislation
as contracts that defined the powers of government
to guarantee individual liberties, sometimes through a bill of rights
to transform the colonies into becoming new states

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26
Q

As a means of ensuring that legislators stay in touch with the mood of the people, state constitutions

A

required the annual election of legislatures

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27
Q

As a result of the Revolution, many state capitals were relocated westward

A

to get them away from the haughty eastern seaports

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28
Q

One reason that the United States avoided the frightful excesses of the French Revolution is that

A

cheap land was easily available and America had few landed aristocrats

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29
Q

It was highly significant to the course of future events that

A

economic democracy preceded political democracy in the United States

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30
Q

The economic status of the average American at the end of the Revolutionary War was

A

probably worse than before the war

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31
Q

The Revolutionary spawned all of the following economic conditions

A

speculation and profiteering
extensive borrowing by state governments that left the buried in debt
runaway deflation
the opening of new foreign markets

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32
Q

Immediately after the Revolution, the new American nation’s greatest strength lay in its

A

excellent political leadership

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33
Q

The Second Continental Congress of Revolutionary days

A

was little more than a conference of ambassadors with very limited power

34
Q

The Articles of Confederation were finally approved when

A

all states claiming western lands surrendered them to the national government

35
Q

The major issue that delayed ratification of the Articles of Confederatoin concerned

A

western lands

36
Q

The Articles of Confederation left Congress unable to

A

enforce a tax-collection program

37
Q

A major strength Articles of Confederation was its

A

presentation of the ideal of a united nation

38
Q

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

established a procedure for governing the Old Northwest territory

39
Q

One of the most farsighted provisions of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

prohibited slavery in the Old Northwest

40
Q

The Land Ordinance of 1785 provided for all of the following

A

money from land sales should be used to pay off the national debt
the land should be surveyed before its sale
the territory should be divided into townships six miles square
the sixteenth section should be sold to support education

41
Q

Britain

A

occupied a chain of trading forts in the Old Northwest

42
Q

France

A

demanded repayment of wartime loans

43
Q

Spain

A

controlled important trade routes from the interior of North America

44
Q

Barbary Coast

A

threatened American commerce in the Mediterranean

45
Q

After thee Revolutionary War, both Britain and Spain

A

prevented America from exercising effective control over about half of its total territory

46
Q

Shay’s Rebellion was provoked by

A

foreclosures on mortgages of debt-strapped backcountry farmers

47
Q

Shay’s Rebellion convinced many Americans of the need for

A

a stronger central government

48
Q

Under the Articles of Confederation, the relationship between the thirteen states

A

convinced many that a stronger central government was needed

49
Q

The debate between the supporters and critics of the Articles of Confederation centered on how to

A

reconcile states’ rights with strong national government

50
Q

The issue that finally touched off the movement toward the Constitutional Convention was

A

control of commerce

51
Q

By the time the Constitution was adopted in 1789

A

prosperity was beginning to return

52
Q

The Constitutional Convention was called to

A

revise the Articles of Confederation

53
Q

All of the following Revolutionary leaders were present at the Constitutional Convention

A

Benjamin Franklin
James Madison
George Washington
Alexander Hamilton

54
Q

The delegate whose contributions to the Philadelphia Convention were so notable that he had been called the “Father of the Constitution” was

A

James Madison

55
Q

The delegates at the Constitutional Convention were concerned mainly with

A

protecting American from its weaknesses abroad and its excesses at home

56
Q

Most of the delegates at the Constitutional Convention could best be labeled

A

ordinary citizens

57
Q

The fifty-five delegates to the Constitutional Convention shared all of the following qualities

A

they were well-to-do members of the professional class
they were young
they were more interested in strengthening the young Republic and tapping Revolutionary idealism
they wanted a firm, dignified and respected government

58
Q

Motives of the delegates to the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia include all of the following

A

preserve the union
forestall anarchy
ensure the security of life and property
curb unrestrained democracy

59
Q

The large-state plan, put forward in the Constitutional Conventional Convention

A

based representation in the House and Senate on population

60
Q

The Great Compromise at the Constitutional Convention worked out an acceptable scheme for

A

apportioning congressional representation

61
Q

Under the Constitution, the president of the United States was to be elected by a majority vote of the

A

Electoral College

62
Q

The idea that all tax measures should start in the House was made to appease

A

the big states with the most people

63
Q

The Constitutional Convention addressed the North-South controversy over slavery through the

A

three-fifths compromise

64
Q

The following is a compromise in the Constitution

A

Continuation of the foreign slave trade

65
Q

By their actions, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention manifested their common beliefs in all of the following

A

government by the consent of the governed
checks and balances in government
the sanctity of private property
a stronger central government

66
Q

The one branch of the government elected directly by the people is the

A

House of Representatives

67
Q

The new Constitution established the idea that the only legitimate government was one based on

A

the consent of the governed

68
Q

The ultimate guarantor of liberty and justice was

A

the virtue of the people

69
Q

The delegates at the Constitutional Convention stipulated that the new Constitution be ratified by

A

state conventions

70
Q

The antifederalist camp included all of the following groups

A

states’ rights supporters
backcountry dwellers
paper money advocates
debtors

71
Q

Probably the most alarming characteristic of the new Constitution to those who opposed it was the

A

absence of a bill of rights

72
Q

Among other views, The Federalists, written during the ratification debate, argued that it was

A

possible to extend a republican form of government over a large territory

73
Q

Antifederalists believe that the sovereignty of the people resided in which branch of the central government?

A

legislative

74
Q

The federalists believe that the sovereignty of the people resided in which branch of the central government?

A

executive
legislative
judicial

75
Q

One of the enduring paradoxes of American history is that

A

both radicals and conservative have championed the heritage of democratic revolution

76
Q

During the Revolutionary War, many states

A

eliminated inheritance laws like primogeniture
reduced property requirements for voting
disestablished the Anglican Church

77
Q

Most, if not all, of the new state constitutions

A

were written documents
required the annual election of state legislators
granted the state legislatures more power than governors
created weak executive and judicial branches

78
Q

The Revolutionary War

A

stimulated American manufacturing
produced runaway inflation in many states
saw America remain a nation of farmers

79
Q

The disruptive forces that produced a shaky start toward union of the states immediately following the Revolutionary War included

A

the absence of the unifying element of a common cause

an economic depression in the colonies

80
Q

Under the Articles of Confederation

A

a unicameral Congress was to be the chief agency of national government
there was no executive branch of national government
each state remained essentially sovereign
major legislation required a two-thirds vote to pass Congress

81
Q

Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress

A

was specifically designed to be weak
had no power to regulate commerce
had not tax-collecting authority

82
Q

Most of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention were

A

relatively well-to-do
appointed by state legislatures
experienced at writing constitutions
lawyers

83
Q

Major goals of the delegates at the Constitutional Convention included

A

preservation of the Union
creation of a stronger national government
restricting democracy in several states

Honors US History I (8 decks)

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