Chapter 7 - The Road to Revolution, 1763-1775 Flashcards
When it came to the Revolution, it could be said that the American colonists were
reluctant revolutionaries
Change in colonial policy by the British government that helped precipitate the American Revolution involved
compelling the American colonists to shoulder some of the financial costs of the empire
In a broad sense, America was
a revolutionary force from the day of its discovery by Europeans
The American colonial exponents of republicanism argued that a just society depends on
a willingness to subordinate private interests to the common good
Republicans looked to the models of the _______ for examples of a just society
Greeks and Romans
Republican belief held that the stability of society and the authority of the government
depended on the virtue of its citizenry
The radical whigs feared
the arbitrary power of the monarchy
Royal titles were…
unknown in the American colonies
Property ownership and political participation were…
relatively accessible
Republican and Whigs ideas predisposed the…
Americans to be more aware of threats to their rights
Distance weakens authority,…
great distance weakens authority greatly
Not one of the original thirteen colonies except ____ was formally planted by the British government
Georgia
The founding of the American colonies by the British was
undertaken in a haphazard manner
Mercantilists believed that
a country’s economic wealth could be measure by the amount of gold and silver in its treasury
Under mercantilist doctrine, the American colonies were expected to supply…
Britain with products such as tobacco, sugar, and ship’s masts
Under mercantilist doctrine, the American colonies were expected to furnish…
ships, seamen, and trade to bolster the strength of the Royal Navy
Under mercantilist doctrine, the American colonies were expected to provide…
a market for British manufactured goods
Under mercantilist doctrine, the American colonies were expected to refrain…
from exporting woolen cloth
The first Navigation Laws were designed to
eliminate Dutch shippers from the American carrying trade
The British Parliament enacted currency legislation was intended primarily to benefit
British merchants
The British Crown’s royal veto of colonial legislation
was used sparingly by the British Parliament
Under the mercantilist system, the British government reserved the right to restrict…
the passage of las bankruptcy laws regarding the American colonies
Under the mercantilist system, the British government reserved the right to nullify…
any colonial legislation deemed bad for the mercantilist system regarding the American colonies
Under the mercantilist system, the British government reserved the right to restrain…
the colonies from printing paper currency regarding the American colonies
Under the mercantilist system, the British government reserved the right to enumerate…
products that must be shipped to Britain regarding the American colonies
Before 1763, the Navigation Laws
were only loosely enforced in the American colonies
Despite the benefits of the mercantile system, the American colonists disliked it because it
made them feel used and kept in a state of perpetual economic adolescence
In some ways, the Navigation Laws and mercantilist system were a burden to certain colonists because
they stifled economic initiative
A direct benefit reaped by the Americans from the mercantile system of Britain is London…
paid high prices for ship parts to American producers
A direct benefit reaped by the Americans from the mercantile system of Britain is Virginia…
tobacco planters enjoyed a monopoly in the British market
A direct benefit reaped by the Americans from the mercantile system of Britain is protection…
of the world’s mightiest navy and army without a penny of cost
A direct benefit reaped by the Americans from the mercantile system of Britain is some British…
merchants were not allowed to compete with the American colonial merchants
A new relationship between Britain and its American colonies was initiated in 1763 when ______ assumed charge of colonial policy
George Grenville
Sugar Act
first British law intended to raise revenues in the colonies
Stamp Act
generated the most protest in the colonies
Declaratory Act
asserted Parliament’s absolute power over the colonies
The first law ever passed by Parliament for raising tax revenues in the colonies for the crown was the
Sugar Act
The British Parliament passed the Stamp Act to
raise money to support new military forces needed for colonial defense
Passage of the Sugar Act and Stamp Act
convinced many colonists that the British were trying to take away their historic liberty
Unlike the _____ Act, the ______ Act and the ______ Act were both indirect taxes on trade goods arriving in American ports
Stamp
Sugar
Townshend
Arrange the following in order: Sugar Act, Declaratory Act, Stamp Act, and repeal of the Stamp Act
Sugar Act, Stamp Act, repeal of the Stamp Act, Declaratory Act
Colonists objected to the Stamp Act because
Parliament passed the tax, not the colonists
Colonists responded to Grenville’s various acts by considering…
the Stamp Act and other acts as a sign of fiscal aggression
Colonists responded to Grenville’s various acts by protesting…
paying any duties required by the acts in an effort to force their repeal
Colonists responded to Grenville’s various acts by rejecting…
the need to fund a British army in the colonies
Colonists responded to Grenville’s various acts by fearing…
the real reason for a British army was to keep colonists in line
The Quartering Act required that colonists
provide housing and food for British troops
When colonists shouted “No taxation without representation,” they were denying Parliament’s power to
levy revenue-raising taxes on the colonies
Women supported protests against the Stamp Act by assembling in public to…
hold spinning bees
Women supported protests against the Stamp Act by making homespun…
cloth to replace British textiles
Women supported protests against the Stamp Act by boycotting consumer…
goods imported from England
Women supported protests against the Stamp Act by signing…
petitions
Virtual representation meant that
every member of Parliament represented all British subjects everywhere
Colonists responded to the hated Stamp Act by convening a colonial congress to…
request repeal of the act
Colonists responded to the hated Stamp Act by boycotting…
British goods
Colonists responded to the hated Stamp Act by via violence in…
several colonial towns
Colonists responded to the hated Stamp Act by wearing woolen…
clothes made with colonial textiles vs. British cloth
The colonists took the Townshend Acts less seriously than the Stamp Act because
they were light and indirect
As a result of American opposition to the Townshend Acts
British officials sent regiments of troops to Boston to restore law and order
Arrange these events in order: Boston Massacre, Townshend Acts, Tea Act, and Intolerable Acts
Townshend Acts, Boston Massacre, Tea Act, Intolerable Acts
Samuel Adams
a pamphleteer who first organized committees to exchange ideas and information on resisting British policy
John Adams
a Massachusetts politician who opposed the moderates’ solution to the imperial crisis at the First Continental Congress
Crispus Attucks
a casualty of the Boston Massacre
The tax on tea was retained when the Townshend Acts were repealed because
it kept alive the principle of parliamentary taxation
The local committees of correspondence organized by Samuel Adams
kept opposition to the British alive, through exchange letters
In 1773, _____ led the way by creating the first intercolonial committee of correspondence
Virgina
Arrange the following events in chronological order: clash at Lexington and Concord, meeting of the First Continental Congress, Quebec Act, and Boston Tea Party
Boston Tea Party, Quebec Act, meeting of the First Continental Congress, clash at Lexington and Concord
British officials granted the British East India Company a…
monopoly in the colonies to prevent its bankruptcy
Anger at the teat tax led to mass efforts to…
turn cargo ships around in New York, Philadelphia, and Annapolis
Bostonians dressed as Indians dumped…
342 chests of tea into Boston harbor in protest of the tea tax
Some Bostonians supported the Boston Teat Party; others…
disagreed with the destruction of property
When Parliament passed the Tea Act, colonists
suspected that it was a trick to get them to violate their principle of “No taxation without representation”
The Boston Tea Party of 1773 was
not the only such protest to occur
The most drastic measure of the Intolerable Acts was the
Boston Port Act
The Quebec Act
suspended representative assemblies and trials by jury
The Quebec Act was especially unpopular in the American colonies because it turned an extensive amount of…
territory over to Catholic control
The Quebec Act was especially unpopular in the American colonies because it affected many…
colonies, not just Massachusetts
The Quebec Act was especially unpopular in the American colonies because it alarmed land speculators, who…
saw a huge are snatched from their grasp
The Quebec Act was especially unpopular in the American colonies because it set a dangerous precedent against…
jury trials
The most memorable of the responses to the Intolerable Acts was
the summoning of the First Continental Congress in 1774
The First Continental Congress was called in order to
consider ways of redressing colonial grievances against Britain
The First Continental Congress
called for a complete boycott of British goods
As a result of Parliament’s rejection of the petitions of the Continental Congress
fighting and bloodshed took place, and war began
As the War of Independence began, Britain had the advantage of
overwhelming national wealth and naval power
A weakness of the British military during the War of Independence was second-rate…
officers
A weakness of the British military during the War of Independence was the need to keep many soldiers…
in Europe in case of trouble
A weakness of the British military during the War of Independence was long…
supply lines
A weakness of the British military during the War of Independence was brutal treatment of…
their soldiers
Many Whigs in Britain hoped for an American victory in the War of Independence because they
feared that if George III triumphed, his rule at home might become tyrannical
As the War of Independence began, the colonies had the advantage of
many outstanding civilian and military leaders
A weakness the colonists faced in the War of Independence was poor…
orginization
A weakness the colonists faced in the War of Independence was sectional jealousy, which constantly…
interfered with the appointment of military leaders
A weakness the colonists faced in the War of Independence was great difficulties in…
raising money to support the army
A weakness the colonists faced in the War of Independence was a weak central…
authority running the war effort
By the end of the War of Independence
a few thousand American regular troops were finally whipped into shape
A role of a woman during the Revolution was to run…
businesses while the men fought
A role of a woman during the Revolution was to be a camp…
follower, who cooked, cleaned and sewed for the troops
A role of a woman during the Revolution was receive…
money and ration for services provided to troops
A role of a woman during the Revolution was to dress as a…
man and serve in battle
African Americans during the Revolutionary War
fought for both the Americans and the British
Regarding American Independence
only a select minority supported independence with selfless devotion
The Navigation Laws required that all commerce to and from the colonies be…
carried only on British vessels
The Navigation Laws required that European goods going to the colonies had first to…
put in at a British port and pay duties
The Navigation Laws required that certain good produced in the colonies,…
like tobacco, be shipped only to Britain
To a degree, the Navigation Laws were beneficial to colonists because colonists were paid…
subsides for producing ships’ parts and stores
To a degree, the Navigation Laws were beneficial to colonists because tobacco growers were guaranteed a…
monopoly of the British market for their crop
To a degree, the Navigation Laws were beneficial to colonists because colonial trading ships were…
protected by the Royal Navy
Colonists dislike the new British policy of trying accused tax-policy offenders in admiralty courts because the offenders would be assumed…
guilty unless they could prove themselves innocent
Colonists dislike the new British policy of trying accused tax-policy offenders in admiralty courts because the offenders would not receive a…
jury trial
George Grenville responded to American protests against his policies by asserting that colonists were represented in…
Parliament even if they did not think so
George Grenville responded to American protests against his policies by asserting that the power of Parliament was…
absolutely supreme in the empire
The Townshend Acts were designed to raise…
revenue to help pay the salaries of royal governors
The Townshend Acts failed to produce
the volume of revenue expected
The Townshend Acts were repealed by…
Parliament
In response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament closed…
Boston harbor
In response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament restricted…
town meetings in New England
In response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament required that the perpetrators of the…
Boston Tea Party be taken to England for trial
