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Honors US History I > Chapter 8 - America Secedes from the Empire, 1775-1783 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - America Secedes from the Empire, 1775-1783 Flashcards

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0
Q

Perhaps the most important single action of the Second Continental Congress was to

A

select George Washington to head the army

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1
Q

When the Second Continental Congress met in 1775

A

there was no well-defined sentiment for independence

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2
Q

Arrange the following in chronological order: fighting at Lexington and Concord, convening of the Second Continental Congress, publication of Common Sense, and adoption of the Declaration of Independence

A

fighting at Lexington and Concord, convening of the Second Continental Congress, publication of Common Sense, and adoption of the Declaration of Independence

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3
Q

As the commander of America’s Revolutionary army, George Washington exhibited all of the following

A

courage
a sense of justice
moral force
patience

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4
Q

Washington’s selection to head up the Continental army, his choice was…

A

largely political

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5
Q

Washington’s selection to head up the Continental army, section of the country were becoming…

A

jealous of New England, and prudence suggested a commander from Virginia

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6
Q

Washington’s selection to head up the Continental army, as a man of…

A

wealth, he could not be accused of being a fortune-seeker

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7
Q

Washington’s selection to head up the Continental army, as an aristocrat, he could be…

A

counted on by his peers to check “the excesses of the masses”

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8
Q

The Revolutionary War began with fighting in _____; then in 1777-1778, fighting was concentrated in ______; and the fighting concluded in _____.

A

New England
the middle colonies
the South

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9
Q

In 1775, once fighting between the colonies and Great Britain began

A

the colonists affirmed their loyalty to the King

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10
Q

In May 1775, a tiny American force under Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold captured the British garrisons at Ft. Ticonderoga and Crown Point in upper New York. What did the Americans secure as a result of this victory?

A

A priceless store of gunpowder and artillery for the siege of Boston was secured

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11
Q

The colonial army eventually lost the Battle of Bunker Hill because its troops were

A

short of gunpowder

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12
Q

King George III officially declared the colonies in rebellion just after

A

the Battle of Bunker Hill

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13
Q

The Olive Branch Petition

A

professed American loyalty to the crown

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14
Q

Colonists considered the British use of European mercenaries - Hessians - as paid soldiers

A

with complete shock that they would enlist outsiders

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15
Q

With the American invasion of Canada in 1775

A

contradicted the colonists’ claim that they were merely fighting defensively for a redress of grievances

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16
Q

In March 1776, this event is still celebrated today and it is known as Evacuation Day, what happened on this day?

A

British evacuation of Boston

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17
Q

The colonists delayed declaring their independence until July 4, 1776 for support for the…

A

tradition of loyalty to the empire

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18
Q

The colonists delayed declaring their independence until July 4, 1776 for the realization that the…

A

colonies were not united

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19
Q

The colonists delayed declaring their independence until July 4, 1776 for fear of British…

A

military reprisals

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20
Q

The colonists delayed declaring their independence until July 4, 1776 for a continued belief that America was…

A

part of the transatlantic community

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21
Q

One purpose of the Declaration of Independence was to

A

explain to the rest of the world why the colonies had revolted

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22
Q

Jefferson was selected to draft the Declaration of Independence because

A

he was already recognized as a brilliant writer

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23
Q

In a republic, power

A

comes from the people themselves

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24
Q

Thomas Paine’s pamphlet, Common Sense

A

called for American independence and the creation of a democratic republic

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25
Q

Thomas Paine argued that all government officials

A

should derive their authority from popular consent

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26
Q

The resolution that “These United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states…” was introduced into the Second Continental Congress by Virginia delagate

A

Richard Henry Lee

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27
Q

The feasibility of representative government had been demonstrated in the

A

committees of correspondence

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28
Q

Examples of colonial experience with self governance, which prepared Americans for a republic, included all of the following

A

New England town meetings
committees of correspondence
the relative equality of landowning farmers
the absence of hereditary aristocracy

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29
Q

Most Americans considered which of the following to be fundamental for any successful republican government?

A

civic virtue

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30
Q

When American became a republic and political power no longer rested with an all-powerful king,

A

individuals needed to sacrifice their own self-interest to the public good

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31
Q

Which individual privately advocated equality for women?

A

Abigail Adams

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32
Q

The Declaration of Independence invoked the natural…

A

rights of humankind to justify revolt

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33
Q

The Declaration of Independence cataloged the tyrannical actions of…

A

King George III

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34
Q

The Declaration of Independence offered the British…

A

one last chance at reconciliation

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35
Q

The Declaration of Independence accused the British of…

A

violating the natural rights of the Americans

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36
Q

Patriots responded to Paine’s vision of an ultra democratic republic by some enthusiastically…

A

embracing this as the ideal form of government

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37
Q

Patriots responded to Paine’s vision of an ultra democratic republic by some favoring a republic ruled…

A

by a “natural aristocracy” of talented elites

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38
Q

Patriots responded to Paine’s vision of an ultra democratic republic by some fearing the fervor for…

A

liberty would overwhelm the stability of the social order

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39
Q

Patriots responded to Paine’s vision of an ultra democratic republic by some worrying that a republic would…

A

have a radical leveling effect on the social classes

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40
Q

Americans who opposed independence for the colonies were labeled _____ or _____, and the independence-seeking Patriots were also known as ______.

A

Loyalists
Tories
Whigs

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41
Q

Like many revolutions, the American Revolution was…

A

a minority movement

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42
Q

When it came to supporting the Revolution, most colonists were

A

neutral or apathetic

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43
Q

The Patriot militia played a crucial role in the Revolution in taking up the task of…

A

political education

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44
Q

The Patriot militia played a crucial role in the Revolution in convincing people that…

A

the British army was an unreliable friend

45
Q

The Patriot militia played a crucial role in the Revolution in mercilessly…

A

harassing small British detachments

46
Q

The Patriot militia played a crucial role in the Revolution as effective…

A

agents of Revolutionary ideas

47
Q

The Americans who continued to support the crown after independence had been declared were more likely to be all of the following

A

well educated
from among the older generation
affiliated with the Anglican Church
wealthy

48
Q

Many Americans remained loyalists during the Revolution for they believed a Patriot…

A

victory would lead to anarchy

49
Q

Many Americans remained loyalists during the Revolution for some were promised…

A

freedom

50
Q

Many Americans remained loyalists during the Revolution for they believed the British would…

A

preserve religious toleration

51
Q

Many Americans remained loyalists during the Revolution for they believed in British…

A

military superiority

52
Q

Some African Americans believed the British would grant them…

A

freedom from slavery

53
Q

Those African Americans who fled to British lines served as:

A

soldiers
servants
workers
spies

54
Q

Thousands of black Loyalists supporters were promised and given…

A

parcels of land in exchange for service

55
Q

Some African Americans were sold…

A

back into slavery after the war ended

56
Q

All of the following fates befell Loyalists after the Revolutionary War

A

were arrested or driven out
experienced loss of legal rights
had their property confiscated
were exiled or forced to flee

57
Q

Loyalists were least numerous in

A

New England

58
Q

To help the British, colonial Loyalists did all of the following

A

fight for the British
serve as spies
keep Patriot soldiers at home
incite the Indians

59
Q

Loyalists made up about _____ percent of the American people.

A

16

60
Q

Emanuel Leutze’s 1851 painting Washington Crossing the Delaware celebrates what event?

A

surprise attack on the Hessians in New Jersey

61
Q

After defeat at the Battle of Long Island, Washington’s forces escaped to

A

Manhattan Island

62
Q

General William Howe did not pursue and defeat George Washington’s army after Battle of Long Island for all of the following

A

he remembered the slaughter of Bunker Hill
the country was rough
supplies were slow in coming
he did not relish the rigors of a winter campaign

63
Q

____ and ____ revealed “Old Fox” Washington at his military best

A

Trenton

Princeton

64
Q

In late 1776 and early 1777, George Washington helped restore confidence in America’s military by

A

defeating the Hessians at Trenton and the British at Princeton

65
Q

The basic strategy of the British in 1777 was to try to

A

isolate New England

66
Q

William Howe

A

British general involved with the battle of Long Island

67
Q

John Burgoyne

A

British general involved with the battle of Saratoga

68
Q

Charles Cornwallis

A

British general involved with the battle of Yorktown

69
Q

Arrange these battles in chronological order: Trenton, Saratoga, Long Island, and Charleston

A

Long Island, Trenton, Saratoga, Charleston

70
Q

The basic principles of the Model Treaty and the new philosophy behind American international affairs contained all of the following

A

no political connection
no military connection
only commercial connection
novus ordo seculorum - “a new order for the ages”

71
Q

The Battle of Saratoga was a key victory for the Americans because it…

A

brought the colonists much-needed aid and formal alliance with France

72
Q

The basic principles in the Model Treaty

A

were self-denying restrictions to the Americans

73
Q

France came to America’s aid in the Revolution because

A

it wanted revenge against the British

74
Q

America’s first entangling alliance was with

A

France

75
Q

Who was the American diplomat that negotiated the Model Treaty with France?

A

Benjamin Franklin

76
Q

The Armed Neutrality League was started by

A

Catherine the Great of Russia

77
Q

When the alliance with France was formalized, the Americans were able to gain all of the following

A

access to large sums of money
double the size of their fighting forces
avail themselves of French naval strength
immense amounts of equipment

78
Q

The commander of French troops in America was

A

Rochambeau

79
Q

French aid to the colonies greatly aided…

A

America’s struggle for independence

80
Q

French aid to the colonies was motivated by what the French considered…

A

to be their own national interests

81
Q

French aid to the colonies forced the British to change…

A

their military strategy in America

82
Q

French aid to the colonies helped them protect…

A

their own West Indies islands

83
Q

Shortly after French troops arrived in America, the resulting improvement in morale struggled when

A

General Benedict Arnold turned traitor

84
Q

The colonists suffered their heaviest losses of the Revolutionary War at the Battle of

A

Charleston

85
Q

George Rogers Clark

A

commanded Patriot troops in the West

86
Q

Nathanael Greene

A

commanded Patriot troops in the South

87
Q

John Paul Jones

A

commanded Patriot naval forces

88
Q

Some Indian nations joined the British during the Revolutionary because

A

they believed that a British victory would restrain American expansion into the West

89
Q

The “Fighting Quaker” who cleared most of Georgia and South Carolina was

A

Nathanael Greene

90
Q

The Indian chief who fought for the British in New York and Pennsylvania was

A

Joseph Brant

91
Q

The Treaty of Fort Stanwix, the first treaty between the United States and an Indian nation, resulted in

A

the ceding of most of the Iroquois’ land

92
Q

During the Revolution, the frontier saw much fighting, which

A

failed to stem the tide of westward-moving pioneers

93
Q

The most important contribution of the seagoing privateers during the Revolutionary War was that they

A

captured hundreds of British merchant ships

94
Q

After the British defeat at Yorktown

A

the fighting continued for more than a year

95
Q

American diplomats to the peace negotiations in Paris in 1782-1783 were instructed by the Second Continental Congress to

A

consult with the colonies’ French allies and make no separate peace arrangements with the British

96
Q

Britain gave America generous terms in the Treaty of Paris because British leaders

A

were trying to persuade America to abandon its alliance with France

97
Q

Regarding the provisions of the 1783 Treaty of Paris, which formally ended the Revolution

A

America broke the assurances regarding treatment of the Loyalists

98
Q

When the Second Continental Congress convened

A

delegates attended from all thirteen colonies
it adopted measures to raise money and create an army and navy
it drafted new written appeals to the king
the conservatives remained a strong force

99
Q

George Washington was chosen commander of the colonial armies because he

A

was from a southern colony
was a colonial aristocrat
was a symbol and rallying point

100
Q

American colonists had experience with republicanism

A

in New England town meetings

in the committees of correspondence

101
Q

New York was chosen as the base of British operations because

A

of its splendid seaport
of its central location
of the probability of support there from colonists who opposed independence

102
Q

During the Revolutionary War, the British captured and occupied

A

New York City
Charleston
Philadelphia

103
Q

It is legitimate to claim that the triumph at Yorktown “was no less French than American” because

A

the French supplied all the seapower

French troops made up half the besieging army

104
Q

The British decided to negotiate an end to the Revolutionary War because

A

they were crushed by the failure of their army at Yorktown
they were suffering heavy military losses against the French and Spanish elsewhere
the new British ministry now in power was more pro-American

105
Q

The Treaty of Paris in 1783 stipulated British…

A

recognition of American independence

106
Q

The Treaty of Paris in 1783 stipulated the establishment of the boundaries of the new…

A

United States from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River between the Great Lakes and Spanish Florida

107
Q

The Treaty of Paris in 1783 stipulated that Americans allow British…

A

collection of prewar debts from colonists

108
Q

The Treaty of Paris in 1783 stipulated that Americans cease…

A

persecution of Loyalists

109
Q

The Treaty of Paris in 1783 stipulated that Loyalists should have their…

A

confiscated property restored

Honors US History I (8 decks)

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