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Honors US History I > Chapter 8 - America Secedes from the Empire, 1775-1783 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - America Secedes from the Empire, 1775-1783 Flashcards

0
Q

Perhaps the most important single action of the Second Continental Congress was to

A

select George Washington to head the army

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1
Q

When the Second Continental Congress met in 1775

A

there was no well-defined sentiment for independence

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2
Q

Arrange the following in chronological order: fighting at Lexington and Concord, convening of the Second Continental Congress, publication of Common Sense, and adoption of the Declaration of Independence

A

fighting at Lexington and Concord, convening of the Second Continental Congress, publication of Common Sense, and adoption of the Declaration of Independence

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3
Q

As the commander of America’s Revolutionary army, George Washington exhibited all of the following

A

courage
a sense of justice
moral force
patience

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4
Q

Washington’s selection to head up the Continental army, his choice was…

A

largely political

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5
Q

Washington’s selection to head up the Continental army, section of the country were becoming…

A

jealous of New England, and prudence suggested a commander from Virginia

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6
Q

Washington’s selection to head up the Continental army, as a man of…

A

wealth, he could not be accused of being a fortune-seeker

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7
Q

Washington’s selection to head up the Continental army, as an aristocrat, he could be…

A

counted on by his peers to check “the excesses of the masses”

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8
Q

The Revolutionary War began with fighting in _____; then in 1777-1778, fighting was concentrated in ______; and the fighting concluded in _____.

A

New England
the middle colonies
the South

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9
Q

In 1775, once fighting between the colonies and Great Britain began

A

the colonists affirmed their loyalty to the King

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10
Q

In May 1775, a tiny American force under Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold captured the British garrisons at Ft. Ticonderoga and Crown Point in upper New York. What did the Americans secure as a result of this victory?

A

A priceless store of gunpowder and artillery for the siege of Boston was secured

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11
Q

The colonial army eventually lost the Battle of Bunker Hill because its troops were

A

short of gunpowder

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12
Q

King George III officially declared the colonies in rebellion just after

A

the Battle of Bunker Hill

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13
Q

The Olive Branch Petition

A

professed American loyalty to the crown

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14
Q

Colonists considered the British use of European mercenaries - Hessians - as paid soldiers

A

with complete shock that they would enlist outsiders

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15
Q

With the American invasion of Canada in 1775

A

contradicted the colonists’ claim that they were merely fighting defensively for a redress of grievances

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16
Q

In March 1776, this event is still celebrated today and it is known as Evacuation Day, what happened on this day?

A

British evacuation of Boston

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17
Q

The colonists delayed declaring their independence until July 4, 1776 for support for the…

A

tradition of loyalty to the empire

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18
Q

The colonists delayed declaring their independence until July 4, 1776 for the realization that the…

A

colonies were not united

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19
Q

The colonists delayed declaring their independence until July 4, 1776 for fear of British…

A

military reprisals

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20
Q

The colonists delayed declaring their independence until July 4, 1776 for a continued belief that America was…

A

part of the transatlantic community

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21
Q

One purpose of the Declaration of Independence was to

A

explain to the rest of the world why the colonies had revolted

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22
Q

Jefferson was selected to draft the Declaration of Independence because

A

he was already recognized as a brilliant writer

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23
Q

In a republic, power

A

comes from the people themselves

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24
Thomas Paine's pamphlet, Common Sense
called for American independence and the creation of a democratic republic
25
Thomas Paine argued that all government officials
should derive their authority from popular consent
26
The resolution that "These United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states..." was introduced into the Second Continental Congress by Virginia delagate
Richard Henry Lee
27
The feasibility of representative government had been demonstrated in the
committees of correspondence
28
Examples of colonial experience with self governance, which prepared Americans for a republic, included all of the following
New England town meetings committees of correspondence the relative equality of landowning farmers the absence of hereditary aristocracy
29
Most Americans considered which of the following to be fundamental for any successful republican government?
civic virtue
30
When American became a republic and political power no longer rested with an all-powerful king,
individuals needed to sacrifice their own self-interest to the public good
31
Which individual privately advocated equality for women?
Abigail Adams
32
The Declaration of Independence invoked the natural...
rights of humankind to justify revolt
33
The Declaration of Independence cataloged the tyrannical actions of...
King George III
34
The Declaration of Independence offered the British...
one last chance at reconciliation
35
The Declaration of Independence accused the British of...
violating the natural rights of the Americans
36
Patriots responded to Paine's vision of an ultra democratic republic by some enthusiastically...
embracing this as the ideal form of government
37
Patriots responded to Paine's vision of an ultra democratic republic by some favoring a republic ruled...
by a "natural aristocracy" of talented elites
38
Patriots responded to Paine's vision of an ultra democratic republic by some fearing the fervor for...
liberty would overwhelm the stability of the social order
39
Patriots responded to Paine's vision of an ultra democratic republic by some worrying that a republic would...
have a radical leveling effect on the social classes
40
Americans who opposed independence for the colonies were labeled _____ or _____, and the independence-seeking Patriots were also known as ______.
Loyalists Tories Whigs
41
Like many revolutions, the American Revolution was...
a minority movement
42
When it came to supporting the Revolution, most colonists were
neutral or apathetic
43
The Patriot militia played a crucial role in the Revolution in taking up the task of...
political education
44
The Patriot militia played a crucial role in the Revolution in convincing people that...
the British army was an unreliable friend
45
The Patriot militia played a crucial role in the Revolution in mercilessly...
harassing small British detachments
46
The Patriot militia played a crucial role in the Revolution as effective...
agents of Revolutionary ideas
47
The Americans who continued to support the crown after independence had been declared were more likely to be all of the following
well educated from among the older generation affiliated with the Anglican Church wealthy
48
Many Americans remained loyalists during the Revolution for they believed a Patriot...
victory would lead to anarchy
49
Many Americans remained loyalists during the Revolution for some were promised...
freedom
50
Many Americans remained loyalists during the Revolution for they believed the British would...
preserve religious toleration
51
Many Americans remained loyalists during the Revolution for they believed in British...
military superiority
52
Some African Americans believed the British would grant them...
freedom from slavery
53
Those African Americans who fled to British lines served as:
soldiers servants workers spies
54
Thousands of black Loyalists supporters were promised and given...
parcels of land in exchange for service
55
Some African Americans were sold...
back into slavery after the war ended
56
All of the following fates befell Loyalists after the Revolutionary War
were arrested or driven out experienced loss of legal rights had their property confiscated were exiled or forced to flee
57
Loyalists were least numerous in
New England
58
To help the British, colonial Loyalists did all of the following
fight for the British serve as spies keep Patriot soldiers at home incite the Indians
59
Loyalists made up about _____ percent of the American people.
16
60
Emanuel Leutze's 1851 painting Washington Crossing the Delaware celebrates what event?
surprise attack on the Hessians in New Jersey
61
After defeat at the Battle of Long Island, Washington's forces escaped to
Manhattan Island
62
General William Howe did not pursue and defeat George Washington's army after Battle of Long Island for all of the following
he remembered the slaughter of Bunker Hill the country was rough supplies were slow in coming he did not relish the rigors of a winter campaign
63
____ and ____ revealed "Old Fox" Washington at his military best
Trenton | Princeton
64
In late 1776 and early 1777, George Washington helped restore confidence in America's military by
defeating the Hessians at Trenton and the British at Princeton
65
The basic strategy of the British in 1777 was to try to
isolate New England
66
William Howe
British general involved with the battle of Long Island
67
John Burgoyne
British general involved with the battle of Saratoga
68
Charles Cornwallis
British general involved with the battle of Yorktown
69
Arrange these battles in chronological order: Trenton, Saratoga, Long Island, and Charleston
Long Island, Trenton, Saratoga, Charleston
70
The basic principles of the Model Treaty and the new philosophy behind American international affairs contained all of the following
no political connection no military connection only commercial connection novus ordo seculorum - "a new order for the ages"
71
The Battle of Saratoga was a key victory for the Americans because it...
brought the colonists much-needed aid and formal alliance with France
72
The basic principles in the Model Treaty
were self-denying restrictions to the Americans
73
France came to America's aid in the Revolution because
it wanted revenge against the British
74
America's first entangling alliance was with
France
75
Who was the American diplomat that negotiated the Model Treaty with France?
Benjamin Franklin
76
The Armed Neutrality League was started by
Catherine the Great of Russia
77
When the alliance with France was formalized, the Americans were able to gain all of the following
access to large sums of money double the size of their fighting forces avail themselves of French naval strength immense amounts of equipment
78
The commander of French troops in America was
Rochambeau
79
French aid to the colonies greatly aided...
America's struggle for independence
80
French aid to the colonies was motivated by what the French considered...
to be their own national interests
81
French aid to the colonies forced the British to change...
their military strategy in America
82
French aid to the colonies helped them protect...
their own West Indies islands
83
Shortly after French troops arrived in America, the resulting improvement in morale struggled when
General Benedict Arnold turned traitor
84
The colonists suffered their heaviest losses of the Revolutionary War at the Battle of
Charleston
85
George Rogers Clark
commanded Patriot troops in the West
86
Nathanael Greene
commanded Patriot troops in the South
87
John Paul Jones
commanded Patriot naval forces
88
Some Indian nations joined the British during the Revolutionary because
they believed that a British victory would restrain American expansion into the West
89
The "Fighting Quaker" who cleared most of Georgia and South Carolina was
Nathanael Greene
90
The Indian chief who fought for the British in New York and Pennsylvania was
Joseph Brant
91
The Treaty of Fort Stanwix, the first treaty between the United States and an Indian nation, resulted in
the ceding of most of the Iroquois' land
92
During the Revolution, the frontier saw much fighting, which
failed to stem the tide of westward-moving pioneers
93
The most important contribution of the seagoing privateers during the Revolutionary War was that they
captured hundreds of British merchant ships
94
After the British defeat at Yorktown
the fighting continued for more than a year
95
American diplomats to the peace negotiations in Paris in 1782-1783 were instructed by the Second Continental Congress to
consult with the colonies' French allies and make no separate peace arrangements with the British
96
Britain gave America generous terms in the Treaty of Paris because British leaders
were trying to persuade America to abandon its alliance with France
97
Regarding the provisions of the 1783 Treaty of Paris, which formally ended the Revolution
America broke the assurances regarding treatment of the Loyalists
98
When the Second Continental Congress convened
delegates attended from all thirteen colonies it adopted measures to raise money and create an army and navy it drafted new written appeals to the king the conservatives remained a strong force
99
George Washington was chosen commander of the colonial armies because he
was from a southern colony was a colonial aristocrat was a symbol and rallying point
100
American colonists had experience with republicanism
in New England town meetings | in the committees of correspondence
101
New York was chosen as the base of British operations because
of its splendid seaport of its central location of the probability of support there from colonists who opposed independence
102
During the Revolutionary War, the British captured and occupied
New York City Charleston Philadelphia
103
It is legitimate to claim that the triumph at Yorktown "was no less French than American" because
the French supplied all the seapower | French troops made up half the besieging army
104
The British decided to negotiate an end to the Revolutionary War because
they were crushed by the failure of their army at Yorktown they were suffering heavy military losses against the French and Spanish elsewhere the new British ministry now in power was more pro-American
105
The Treaty of Paris in 1783 stipulated British...
recognition of American independence
106
The Treaty of Paris in 1783 stipulated the establishment of the boundaries of the new...
United States from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River between the Great Lakes and Spanish Florida
107
The Treaty of Paris in 1783 stipulated that Americans allow British...
collection of prewar debts from colonists
108
The Treaty of Paris in 1783 stipulated that Americans cease...
persecution of Loyalists
109
The Treaty of Paris in 1783 stipulated that Loyalists should have their...
confiscated property restored

Honors US History I (8 decks)

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