Chapter 8 - America Secedes from the Empire, 1775-1783 Flashcards
Perhaps the most important single action of the Second Continental Congress was to
select George Washington to head the army
When the Second Continental Congress met in 1775
there was no well-defined sentiment for independence
Arrange the following in chronological order: fighting at Lexington and Concord, convening of the Second Continental Congress, publication of Common Sense, and adoption of the Declaration of Independence
fighting at Lexington and Concord, convening of the Second Continental Congress, publication of Common Sense, and adoption of the Declaration of Independence
As the commander of America’s Revolutionary army, George Washington exhibited all of the following
courage
a sense of justice
moral force
patience
Washington’s selection to head up the Continental army, his choice was…
largely political
Washington’s selection to head up the Continental army, section of the country were becoming…
jealous of New England, and prudence suggested a commander from Virginia
Washington’s selection to head up the Continental army, as a man of…
wealth, he could not be accused of being a fortune-seeker
Washington’s selection to head up the Continental army, as an aristocrat, he could be…
counted on by his peers to check “the excesses of the masses”
The Revolutionary War began with fighting in _____; then in 1777-1778, fighting was concentrated in ______; and the fighting concluded in _____.
New England
the middle colonies
the South
In 1775, once fighting between the colonies and Great Britain began
the colonists affirmed their loyalty to the King
In May 1775, a tiny American force under Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold captured the British garrisons at Ft. Ticonderoga and Crown Point in upper New York. What did the Americans secure as a result of this victory?
A priceless store of gunpowder and artillery for the siege of Boston was secured
The colonial army eventually lost the Battle of Bunker Hill because its troops were
short of gunpowder
King George III officially declared the colonies in rebellion just after
the Battle of Bunker Hill
The Olive Branch Petition
professed American loyalty to the crown
Colonists considered the British use of European mercenaries - Hessians - as paid soldiers
with complete shock that they would enlist outsiders
With the American invasion of Canada in 1775
contradicted the colonists’ claim that they were merely fighting defensively for a redress of grievances
In March 1776, this event is still celebrated today and it is known as Evacuation Day, what happened on this day?
British evacuation of Boston
The colonists delayed declaring their independence until July 4, 1776 for support for the…
tradition of loyalty to the empire
The colonists delayed declaring their independence until July 4, 1776 for the realization that the…
colonies were not united
The colonists delayed declaring their independence until July 4, 1776 for fear of British…
military reprisals
The colonists delayed declaring their independence until July 4, 1776 for a continued belief that America was…
part of the transatlantic community
One purpose of the Declaration of Independence was to
explain to the rest of the world why the colonies had revolted
Jefferson was selected to draft the Declaration of Independence because
he was already recognized as a brilliant writer
In a republic, power
comes from the people themselves
Thomas Paine’s pamphlet, Common Sense
called for American independence and the creation of a democratic republic
Thomas Paine argued that all government officials
should derive their authority from popular consent
The resolution that “These United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states…” was introduced into the Second Continental Congress by Virginia delagate
Richard Henry Lee
The feasibility of representative government had been demonstrated in the
committees of correspondence
Examples of colonial experience with self governance, which prepared Americans for a republic, included all of the following
New England town meetings
committees of correspondence
the relative equality of landowning farmers
the absence of hereditary aristocracy
Most Americans considered which of the following to be fundamental for any successful republican government?
civic virtue
When American became a republic and political power no longer rested with an all-powerful king,
individuals needed to sacrifice their own self-interest to the public good
Which individual privately advocated equality for women?
Abigail Adams
The Declaration of Independence invoked the natural…
rights of humankind to justify revolt
The Declaration of Independence cataloged the tyrannical actions of…
King George III
The Declaration of Independence offered the British…
one last chance at reconciliation
The Declaration of Independence accused the British of…
violating the natural rights of the Americans
Patriots responded to Paine’s vision of an ultra democratic republic by some enthusiastically…
embracing this as the ideal form of government
Patriots responded to Paine’s vision of an ultra democratic republic by some favoring a republic ruled…
by a “natural aristocracy” of talented elites
Patriots responded to Paine’s vision of an ultra democratic republic by some fearing the fervor for…
liberty would overwhelm the stability of the social order
Patriots responded to Paine’s vision of an ultra democratic republic by some worrying that a republic would…
have a radical leveling effect on the social classes
Americans who opposed independence for the colonies were labeled _____ or _____, and the independence-seeking Patriots were also known as ______.
Loyalists
Tories
Whigs
Like many revolutions, the American Revolution was…
a minority movement
When it came to supporting the Revolution, most colonists were
neutral or apathetic
The Patriot militia played a crucial role in the Revolution in taking up the task of…
political education
The Patriot militia played a crucial role in the Revolution in convincing people that…
the British army was an unreliable friend
The Patriot militia played a crucial role in the Revolution in mercilessly…
harassing small British detachments
The Patriot militia played a crucial role in the Revolution as effective…
agents of Revolutionary ideas
The Americans who continued to support the crown after independence had been declared were more likely to be all of the following
well educated
from among the older generation
affiliated with the Anglican Church
wealthy
Many Americans remained loyalists during the Revolution for they believed a Patriot…
victory would lead to anarchy
Many Americans remained loyalists during the Revolution for some were promised…
freedom
Many Americans remained loyalists during the Revolution for they believed the British would…
preserve religious toleration
Many Americans remained loyalists during the Revolution for they believed in British…
military superiority
Some African Americans believed the British would grant them…
freedom from slavery
Those African Americans who fled to British lines served as:
soldiers
servants
workers
spies
Thousands of black Loyalists supporters were promised and given…
parcels of land in exchange for service
Some African Americans were sold…
back into slavery after the war ended
All of the following fates befell Loyalists after the Revolutionary War
were arrested or driven out
experienced loss of legal rights
had their property confiscated
were exiled or forced to flee
Loyalists were least numerous in
New England
To help the British, colonial Loyalists did all of the following
fight for the British
serve as spies
keep Patriot soldiers at home
incite the Indians
Loyalists made up about _____ percent of the American people.
16
Emanuel Leutze’s 1851 painting Washington Crossing the Delaware celebrates what event?
surprise attack on the Hessians in New Jersey
After defeat at the Battle of Long Island, Washington’s forces escaped to
Manhattan Island
General William Howe did not pursue and defeat George Washington’s army after Battle of Long Island for all of the following
he remembered the slaughter of Bunker Hill
the country was rough
supplies were slow in coming
he did not relish the rigors of a winter campaign
____ and ____ revealed “Old Fox” Washington at his military best
Trenton
Princeton
In late 1776 and early 1777, George Washington helped restore confidence in America’s military by
defeating the Hessians at Trenton and the British at Princeton
The basic strategy of the British in 1777 was to try to
isolate New England
William Howe
British general involved with the battle of Long Island
John Burgoyne
British general involved with the battle of Saratoga
Charles Cornwallis
British general involved with the battle of Yorktown
Arrange these battles in chronological order: Trenton, Saratoga, Long Island, and Charleston
Long Island, Trenton, Saratoga, Charleston
The basic principles of the Model Treaty and the new philosophy behind American international affairs contained all of the following
no political connection
no military connection
only commercial connection
novus ordo seculorum - “a new order for the ages”
The Battle of Saratoga was a key victory for the Americans because it…
brought the colonists much-needed aid and formal alliance with France
The basic principles in the Model Treaty
were self-denying restrictions to the Americans
France came to America’s aid in the Revolution because
it wanted revenge against the British
America’s first entangling alliance was with
France
Who was the American diplomat that negotiated the Model Treaty with France?
Benjamin Franklin
The Armed Neutrality League was started by
Catherine the Great of Russia
When the alliance with France was formalized, the Americans were able to gain all of the following
access to large sums of money
double the size of their fighting forces
avail themselves of French naval strength
immense amounts of equipment
The commander of French troops in America was
Rochambeau
French aid to the colonies greatly aided…
America’s struggle for independence
French aid to the colonies was motivated by what the French considered…
to be their own national interests
French aid to the colonies forced the British to change…
their military strategy in America
French aid to the colonies helped them protect…
their own West Indies islands
Shortly after French troops arrived in America, the resulting improvement in morale struggled when
General Benedict Arnold turned traitor
The colonists suffered their heaviest losses of the Revolutionary War at the Battle of
Charleston
George Rogers Clark
commanded Patriot troops in the West
Nathanael Greene
commanded Patriot troops in the South
John Paul Jones
commanded Patriot naval forces
Some Indian nations joined the British during the Revolutionary because
they believed that a British victory would restrain American expansion into the West
The “Fighting Quaker” who cleared most of Georgia and South Carolina was
Nathanael Greene
The Indian chief who fought for the British in New York and Pennsylvania was
Joseph Brant
The Treaty of Fort Stanwix, the first treaty between the United States and an Indian nation, resulted in
the ceding of most of the Iroquois’ land
During the Revolution, the frontier saw much fighting, which
failed to stem the tide of westward-moving pioneers
The most important contribution of the seagoing privateers during the Revolutionary War was that they
captured hundreds of British merchant ships
After the British defeat at Yorktown
the fighting continued for more than a year
American diplomats to the peace negotiations in Paris in 1782-1783 were instructed by the Second Continental Congress to
consult with the colonies’ French allies and make no separate peace arrangements with the British
Britain gave America generous terms in the Treaty of Paris because British leaders
were trying to persuade America to abandon its alliance with France
Regarding the provisions of the 1783 Treaty of Paris, which formally ended the Revolution
America broke the assurances regarding treatment of the Loyalists
When the Second Continental Congress convened
delegates attended from all thirteen colonies
it adopted measures to raise money and create an army and navy
it drafted new written appeals to the king
the conservatives remained a strong force
George Washington was chosen commander of the colonial armies because he
was from a southern colony
was a colonial aristocrat
was a symbol and rallying point
American colonists had experience with republicanism
in New England town meetings
in the committees of correspondence
New York was chosen as the base of British operations because
of its splendid seaport
of its central location
of the probability of support there from colonists who opposed independence
During the Revolutionary War, the British captured and occupied
New York City
Charleston
Philadelphia
It is legitimate to claim that the triumph at Yorktown “was no less French than American” because
the French supplied all the seapower
French troops made up half the besieging army
The British decided to negotiate an end to the Revolutionary War because
they were crushed by the failure of their army at Yorktown
they were suffering heavy military losses against the French and Spanish elsewhere
the new British ministry now in power was more pro-American
The Treaty of Paris in 1783 stipulated British…
recognition of American independence
The Treaty of Paris in 1783 stipulated the establishment of the boundaries of the new…
United States from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River between the Great Lakes and Spanish Florida
The Treaty of Paris in 1783 stipulated that Americans allow British…
collection of prewar debts from colonists
The Treaty of Paris in 1783 stipulated that Americans cease…
persecution of Loyalists
The Treaty of Paris in 1783 stipulated that Loyalists should have their…
confiscated property restored
