Chapter 21

Question 1

At the beginning of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln favored

Answer 1

quick military action to show the folly of secession.

Question 2

Lincoln hoped that a Union victory at Bull Run would

Answer 2

lead to the capture of the Confederate capital at Richmond.

Question 3

Arrange the following in chronological order: the Battle of Bull Run, the Battle of Gettysburg, Lee’s surrender at Appomattox and the Battle of Antietam

Answer 3

1) The Battle of Bull Run
2) The Battle of Antietam
3) The Battle of Gettysburg
4) Lee’s surrender at Appomattox

Question 4

The South’s victory at Bull Run in 1861

Answer 4

reduced enlistments in the South’s army.

Question 5

The Union’s defeat in battle at Bull Run in 1861 was better than a victory because

Answer 5

the defeat caused Northerners to face up to the reality of a long, difficult war

Question 6

George B. McClellan, commander of the Army of the Potomac, is best described as

Answer 6

overly cautious.

Question 7

After assuming command of the Army of the Potomac, General McClellan made the mistake of

Answer 7

consistently believing that the enemy outnumbered him.

Question 8

As a result of the Union loss in the Peninsula Campaign

Answer 8

Lincoln began to draft the Emancipation Proclamation.

Question 9

After the Peninsula Campaign, Union strategy included all of the following:

Answer 9

1) Cutting the Confederacy in half by seizing the Mississippi RIver.
2) Marching through Georgia and then the Carolinas.
3) Blockading the Confederacy’s coastline.
4) Liberating the slaves to undermine the southern economy.

Question 10

As a result of the Confederate victory in the Peninsula Campaign

Answer 10

the Union turned to a strategy of total war.

Question 11

Britain did not protest too loudly against the Union naval blockade of the Confederacy because

Answer 11

Britain might want to use a similar blockade in a future war.

Question 12

The most serious Confederate threat to the Union blockade came from

Answer 12

the ironclad Merrimack (renamed the Virginia).

Question 13

The Confederate blockade runner, the Merrimack, was

Answer 13

destroyed by Confederate soldiers to keep it out of the hands of Union troops.

Question 14

After defeating McClellan at the Second Battle of Bull Run, Robert E. Lee decided to

Answer 14

invade the Union via Maryland.

Question 15

In invading Maryland, one of Lee’s key objectives was to

Answer 15

inspire the Border States to rise up and join the Confederacy.

Question 16

A victory at Antietam probably would have won Confederate independence because

Answer 16

France and Britain were on the verge of recognizing the Confederate government.

Question 17

After halting Lee’s troops at Antietam, General George McClellan

Answer 17

was removed from his field command.

Question 18

One of the key developments enabling the Union to stop the Confederate thrust into the North at Antietam was

Answer 18

the Union’s discovery of Robert E. Lee’s battle plans.

Question 19

The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil were

Answer 19

Gettysburg and Antietam.

Question 20

The Battle of Antietam was particularly critical because it

Answer 20

probably prevented intervention by Britain and France on behalf of the Confederacy.

Question 21

The North’s victory at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to

Answer 21

issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

Question 22

Slavery was legally abolished in the US by the

Answer 22

13th Amendment to the Constitution.

Question 23

The Emancipation Proclamation had the effect of

Answer 23

strengthening the moral cause and diplomatic position of the Union.

Question 24

When it was issued in 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation declared free only those slaves in

Answer 24

Confederate states still in rebellion against the US.

Question 25

Southern slaves ran away to Union camps at the rate of

Answer 25

one in seven.

Question 26

Northern soldiers became increasingly convinced of slavery’s evils when

Answer 26

slaves ran away to Union camps and persevered against all odds.

Question 27

All of the following occurred as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation:

Answer 27

1) Mounting opposition in the North to an “abolition war”.
2) Sharp increases in Union desertions.
3) Heavy congressional defeats for Lincoln’s administration.
4) Complaints from abolitionists that it did not go far enough.

Question 28

During the Civil War

Answer 28

blacks were enlisted by the Union army only after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued.

Question 29

African Americans who fought for the Union Army in the Civil War

Answer 29

served bravely and suffered extremely heavy casualties.

Question 30

Aside from ending slavery, blacks enlisted into the Union Army because they

Answer 30

wanted to prove their manhood and increase their claim to full citizenship.

Question 31

The Confederacy enlisted slaves into their army

Answer 31

a month before the war ended.

Question 32

Slaves hindered the Confederacy’s war efforts in all of the following ways:

Answer 32

1) Work slowdowns and strikes that diminished productivity.
2) Instilling a fear of insurrections.
3) Creating the need for white men to guard slaves when they could have been on the warfront.
4) Serving as spies, guides and scouts for the Union army.

Question 33

Robert E. Lee decided to invade the North through Pennsylvania in order to

Answer 33

deliver a decisive blow that would strengthen the Northern peace movement.

Question 34

The Battle of Gettysburg was significant because

Answer 34

Union victory meant that the Southern cause was doomed.

Question 35

The Union victory at Vicksburg was of major importance for all of the following reasons:

Answer 35

1) It reopened the Mississippi River for Northern trade.
2) Coupled with the victory at Gettysburg, foreign help for the Confederacy was irretrievably lost.
3) It helped to quell Northern peace agitation.
4) It cut off the supply of cattle and other goods from Texas and Louisiana.

Question 36

As a theorist of warfare, General William T. Sherman was

Answer 36

a pioneer of the strategy of total warfare aimed at destroying civilian morale.

Question 37

One consequence of General William T. Sherman’s style of warfare was

Answer 37

a shorter war that saved lives.

Question 38

The group in the North most dangerous to the Union cause was the

Answer 38

Northern Peace Democrats.

Question 39

Clement L. Vallandigham, a Southern sympathizer and vocal opponent of the war, was derisively labeled a

Answer 39

Copperhead.

Question 40

In the election of 1864, the Republicans joined with the prowar Democrats and founded the party.

Answer 40

Union

Question 41

In the 1864 election, Abraham Lincoln’s running mate was

Answer 41

Andrew Johnson

Question 42

In the 1864 election, the Democratic party nominated _____ to oppose Lincoln’s reelection.

Answer 42

George McClellan

Question 43

The Union army’s success in the capture of _____ was probably critical to Lincoln’s reelection in 1864.

Answer 43

Atlanta and Mobile

Question 44

General Ulysses S. Grant’s basic strategy in the Civil War involved.

Answer 44

assailing the enemy’s armies simultaneously and directly

Question 45

During the Civil War, Grant lost one man for every _____, and Lee lost one man for every _____.

Answer 45

10, 5

Question 46

The assassination of Abraham Lincoln

Answer 46

was a calamity for the South.

Question 47

The supreme test of American democracy in the 19th century was

Answer 47

the Civil War.

Question 48

The Civil War resulted in all of the following:

Answer 48

1) Expanded federal powers of taxation.
2) The end of nullification and secession.
3) The creation of the first federal social welfare agency.
4) The end of slavery.

Question 49

Scholars dispute whether the Civil War marked a watershed in American history for all of the following reasons:

Answer 49

1) Racial inequality persisted long after the war.
2) Industrial growth of the post-Civil War years had its real roots decades earlier in the Jacksonian era.
3) Regional differences between the North and South continued, even into the present.