Chapter 21 Flashcards
At the beginning of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln favored
quick military action to show the folly of secession.
Lincoln hoped that a Union victory at Bull Run would
lead to the capture of the Confederate capital at Richmond.
Arrange the following in chronological order: the Battle of Bull Run, the Battle of Gettysburg, Lee’s surrender at Appomattox and the Battle of Antietam
1) The Battle of Bull Run
2) The Battle of Antietam
3) The Battle of Gettysburg
4) Lee’s surrender at Appomattox
The South’s victory at Bull Run in 1861
reduced enlistments in the South’s army.
The Union’s defeat in battle at Bull Run in 1861 was better than a victory because
the defeat caused Northerners to face up to the reality of a long, difficult war
George B. McClellan, commander of the Army of the Potomac, is best described as
overly cautious.
After assuming command of the Army of the Potomac, General McClellan made the mistake of
consistently believing that the enemy outnumbered him.
As a result of the Union loss in the Peninsula Campaign
Lincoln began to draft the Emancipation Proclamation.
After the Peninsula Campaign, Union strategy included all of the following:
1) Cutting the Confederacy in half by seizing the Mississippi RIver.
2) Marching through Georgia and then the Carolinas.
3) Blockading the Confederacy’s coastline.
4) Liberating the slaves to undermine the southern economy.
As a result of the Confederate victory in the Peninsula Campaign
the Union turned to a strategy of total war.
Britain did not protest too loudly against the Union naval blockade of the Confederacy because
Britain might want to use a similar blockade in a future war.
The most serious Confederate threat to the Union blockade came from
the ironclad Merrimack (renamed the Virginia).
The Confederate blockade runner, the Merrimack, was
destroyed by Confederate soldiers to keep it out of the hands of Union troops.
After defeating McClellan at the Second Battle of Bull Run, Robert E. Lee decided to
invade the Union via Maryland.
In invading Maryland, one of Lee’s key objectives was to
inspire the Border States to rise up and join the Confederacy.
A victory at Antietam probably would have won Confederate independence because
France and Britain were on the verge of recognizing the Confederate government.
After halting Lee’s troops at Antietam, General George McClellan
was removed from his field command.
One of the key developments enabling the Union to stop the Confederate thrust into the North at Antietam was
the Union’s discovery of Robert E. Lee’s battle plans.
The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil were
Gettysburg and Antietam.
The Battle of Antietam was particularly critical because it
probably prevented intervention by Britain and France on behalf of the Confederacy.
The North’s victory at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to
issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
Slavery was legally abolished in the US by the
13th Amendment to the Constitution.
The Emancipation Proclamation had the effect of
strengthening the moral cause and diplomatic position of the Union.
When it was issued in 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation declared free only those slaves in
Confederate states still in rebellion against the US.
Southern slaves ran away to Union camps at the rate of
one in seven.
Northern soldiers became increasingly convinced of slavery’s evils when
slaves ran away to Union camps and persevered against all odds.
All of the following occurred as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation:
1) Mounting opposition in the North to an “abolition war”.
2) Sharp increases in Union desertions.
3) Heavy congressional defeats for Lincoln’s administration.
4) Complaints from abolitionists that it did not go far enough.
During the Civil War
blacks were enlisted by the Union army only after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued.
African Americans who fought for the Union Army in the Civil War
served bravely and suffered extremely heavy casualties.
Aside from ending slavery, blacks enlisted into the Union Army because they
wanted to prove their manhood and increase their claim to full citizenship.
The Confederacy enlisted slaves into their army
a month before the war ended.
Slaves hindered the Confederacy’s war efforts in all of the following ways:
1) Work slowdowns and strikes that diminished productivity.
2) Instilling a fear of insurrections.
3) Creating the need for white men to guard slaves when they could have been on the warfront.
4) Serving as spies, guides and scouts for the Union army.
Robert E. Lee decided to invade the North through Pennsylvania in order to
deliver a decisive blow that would strengthen the Northern peace movement.
The Battle of Gettysburg was significant because
Union victory meant that the Southern cause was doomed.
The Union victory at Vicksburg was of major importance for all of the following reasons:
1) It reopened the Mississippi River for Northern trade.
2) Coupled with the victory at Gettysburg, foreign help for the Confederacy was irretrievably lost.
3) It helped to quell Northern peace agitation.
4) It cut off the supply of cattle and other goods from Texas and Louisiana.
As a theorist of warfare, General William T. Sherman was
a pioneer of the strategy of total warfare aimed at destroying civilian morale.
One consequence of General William T. Sherman’s style of warfare was
a shorter war that saved lives.
The group in the North most dangerous to the Union cause was the
Northern Peace Democrats.
Clement L. Vallandigham, a Southern sympathizer and vocal opponent of the war, was derisively labeled a
Copperhead.
In the election of 1864, the Republicans joined with the prowar Democrats and founded the party.
Union
In the 1864 election, Abraham Lincoln’s running mate was
Andrew Johnson
In the 1864 election, the Democratic party nominated _____ to oppose Lincoln’s reelection.
George McClellan
The Union army’s success in the capture of _____ was probably critical to Lincoln’s reelection in 1864.
Atlanta and Mobile
General Ulysses S. Grant’s basic strategy in the Civil War involved.
assailing the enemy’s armies simultaneously and directly
During the Civil War, Grant lost one man for every _____, and Lee lost one man for every _____.
10, 5
The assassination of Abraham Lincoln
was a calamity for the South.
The supreme test of American democracy in the 19th century was
the Civil War.
The Civil War resulted in all of the following:
1) Expanded federal powers of taxation.
2) The end of nullification and secession.
3) The creation of the first federal social welfare agency.
4) The end of slavery.
Scholars dispute whether the Civil War marked a watershed in American history for all of the following reasons:
1) Racial inequality persisted long after the war.
2) Industrial growth of the post-Civil War years had its real roots decades earlier in the Jacksonian era.
3) Regional differences between the North and South continued, even into the present.
